TRENDS IN

DEVELOPMENT OF
NURSING
EDUCATION IN
INDIA
Presented by:
AKANKSHA GILL
MSc(N) 1st YEAR
DEFINITIO
N

 Nursing : The unique function of the nurse is

to assist the individual, sick or well, in
performance of those activities contributing to
health or its recovery (or peaceful death) that
he/she would perform unaided if he/she had
the necessary strength, will or knowledge.
- Virginia Henderson
 EDUCATIO
N

 Education
is an all-round drawing out of the best in child &
man-body, mind & spirit. -Mahatma Gandhi

 Education
is the natural, harmonious & progressive
development of man’s innate power. - Pestalozzi
 NURSING EDUCATION
Nursing education is a professional education which
is consciously & systematically planned &
implemented through instruction & discipline & aims
the harmonious development of the physical,
intellectual, social, emotional, spiritual & aesthetic
powers or abilities of the students in order to tender
professional nursing care to people of all ages, in all
phases of health & illness, in a variety of setting, in
the best or highest possible manner.
Nursing in Pre-Historic
Times
 Military Nursing
 Civilian Nursing
 Missionaries
Nursing
 First world war
 1888, ten fully qualified certified nurses from Florence Nightingales,
arrived to Bombay to lead nursing in India
 1927 – Description of Indian Military nursing services formed with 12
matrons, 18 sisters, 25 staff nurses.
 2nd world war expanded nursing services to India
 After successful 3 year training, certificate issued as “Registered
Nurse”
and they are members of Indian Military Nursing services Auxillary
Nursing.
 Basic training for 6th month is selected civil hospitals in India for
Assistant Nurses
 1664 - East India company built Government General
hospital at Madras
 1871 –training of nurses.
 On 1854 midwives training school granted certificates of
‘Diploma in
midwifery’
 Missionary nursing started training for Indian people as
nurses
 Christian girls encouraged and trained first
 1928 – Hindi Textbook for nurses developed.
 1939 – helped to develop post-graduation school
for nurses.
William Rathbone – Visiting nursing
association at England– charity free
care
Florence Lees
1926 – Midwives Registration Act.
1946 – community Health Nursing
in graduate program.
DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING
EDUCATION IN INDIA: Pre –
INDEPENDENCE
TrainedNurses Association of
India, 1908
 Main purposes of the
council
 To set standards and to regulate the nursing education of all
types in the country.
 To prescribe and specify minimum requirement for qualifying
for a particular course in nursing.
 Advisory role in the state nursing council
 To collaborate with state nursing councils, schools and
colleges of nursing and examination board.
Function

s
Inspect and accredit schools of nursing in
their states
Conduct the examinations
Prescribes rules of conduct
Maintain registers of nurses , midwives,
and ANM and health visitors in the state
The state registration council is
autonomous except they do not have
power to prescribe the syllabus for
Indian Nursing Council
 President – Mr. T Dileep Kumar
Vice president – Mrs. Asha Sharma
TNAI
 President – Mrs. Anitha Deodhar
General Secretary – Mrs. Evelyn P Kannan
UNIVERSITY PROGRAMMES

NON-
UNIVERSITY
PROGRAMMES
 UNIVERSITY
PROGRAMMES
 BASIC BSc NURSING
 POST BASIC BSc NURSING
POST BASIC BSc NURSING BY DISTANCE
EDUCATION MODE
 MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
 MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY IN NURSING
 PHILOSOPHY DOCTORATE IN NURSING
  Training of Dais
 Auxillary Nurse Midwife
 Lady Health Visitor Course
NON-  General Nursing and
UNIVERSITY Midwifery Course (GNM)
 Post Basic / Post Certificate
PROGRAMM Short Term Courses and
ES Diploma programmes

The goal was to train one Dai in each village and
ultimate goal was to train the entire practising dais
in country.
 Duration of training was 30 days.
 No age limit was prescribed, training include theory
and practice, more emphasis on field practice.
 This training was done at subcentre and
equipment provided by UNICEF.
ANM curriculum intends to prepare
skilled and effective female health workers
to achieve the goals of national rural health
mission which aims at bringing about
dramatic improvement in the health
 Training of LHV course continued post-independence.
 The syllabus prepared and prescribed by INC in 1951.
 The entrance qualification was matriculation.
 The duration was two and a half years which
subsequently reduced to 2 years
 1918 Diploma nursing program has been started in

Lady School of Nursing.

 The latest revision of syllabus by INC in 2004 has

increased the duration of the course from 3 year

to 3.5 year.
Toprepare general nurse who will function
as member of the health team beginning
with competence for first level position in
both hospital and community.
Their maximum contribution to the
society as individual citizen and nurses.
 Demonstrate skills required in the nursing
process in the provision of health care and
nursing care of the patients.
 Apply relevant knowledge from the humanities
biological and behavioural sciences in carrying
out health care and nursing activities and
functions.
 Show sensitivity and skills in human
relationship and communication in his or her
daily works
 Demonstrate skills in the problem solving
methods in nursing
Gain knowledge of health resources in
the community and the country
Demonstrate skill in leadership
Promotion of health, Precaution
against illness, restoration of health
and rehabilitation
 Age for the entrance shall be 17 to 35 years
provided they meet the minimum educational
requirement
 Minimum educational all students should
pass 12 classes or its equivalent, preferably
with science subjects
 Admission of students shall be once a year.
 Students should be medically fit
 The selection committee should comprises tutors,
Nurse administrators and educationalist or
The course in general nursing
 Two years practice in general nursing
one year community health nursing
and midwifery
6 months internship which includes
nursing administration and nursing
research classes.
Purpose :
 Provide quality care to patients with cardio
thoracic disorders.
 Manage and supervise patient care with
cardio thoracic disorders.
 Conduct research in areas of cardio
thoracic nursing.
The purpose of this course is to train the
nurses to:
 Provide quality care to patients in OR.
 Manage and supervise patient care of
patients in OR.
 Teach nurses, allied health professionals,
patients and communities in areas related to
OR nursing.
 Conduct research in areas of OR nursing.
The purpose of this course is to train the nurses to:
 Provide quality care to patients with orthopaedic and
neuromuscular disorders.
 Manage and supervise care of patients with
orthopaedic and neuromuscular disorders.
 Participate in rehabilitation of patients with orthopaedic
and neuromuscular disorders.
 Teach nurses, allied health professionals, patients and
communities in areas related to orthopaedic and
rehabilitation nursing.
 Conduct research in areas of orthopaedic and rehabilitation
 The purpose of this course is to train the
nurses to:
 Provide quality care to patients with an
acute or potential diagnosis of cancer.
 Manage and supervise patient care in clinical
and community settings.
 Teach nurses, allied health professionals,
patients and communities in areas related to
oncology nursing.
 Conduct research in areas of oncology
The purpose of this course is to train the
nurses to:
 Provide quality care to critically ill patients.
 Manage and supervise care of
critically ill patients.
 Teach nurses, allied health professionals,
patients and communities in areas related to
critical care nursing.
 Conduct research in areas of critical care
The purpose of this course is to:
 Provide quality care to emergency and
disaster situations.
 Manage and supervise care in pre hospital
and hospital setting.
 Teach nurses, allied health professionals , patients
and communities in areas related to emergency
and disaster nursing.
 Conduct research in areas of emergency and
disaster nursing.
The purpose of the course is to train nurses
to
 Provide quality care to neonates
 Manage and supervise care of neonates at
all the three levels of care.
 Teach nurses, allied health professionals ,
patients and communities in areas
related to neonatal nursing.
 Conduct research in areas of neonatal
The purpose of this course is to train the
nurses to:
 Provide quality care to neuro patients
 Manage and supervise care of neuro patients
 Teach nurses, allied health professionals ,
patients and communities in areas
related to neuro patients.
 Conduct research in areas of neuro
science nursing.
Purpose :
 Provide quality care to individuals suffering from mental
and emotional disorders.
 Manage and supervise care of mentally ill patients in
clinical and community settings.
 Teach nurses, allied health professionals, patients
and communities in areas related to psychiatric
nursing.
 Keep pace with the developments in other related
discipline for effective management of psychiatric
nursing.
 Forensic Nursing is the application of forensic aspects of

health care combined with biopsychosocial education of the

registered nurse in the scientific investigation and treatment of
trauma, death, violence or criminal activity, and traumatic
accidents within the clinical or community institutions.
National Policy for older persons
(1999)
To prepare specially trained
Gerontological nurses for taking
care of older persons both in
hospital and community.
 BASIC BSc
NURSINg

 1946 in CMC Vellore and RAK college of

nursing Delhi.
 Undergraduate nursing program is
broad based education with in the
academic framework specifically directed
to the development of critical thinking
skills, competencies and standards
required for practice of professional
nursing and midwifery as envisaged in
national health policy 2002.
 BASIC BSc
NURSINg

Duration: 4 years.
 BASIC BSc NURSINg -
Eligibility
A candidate seeking admission should :
 Pass the 2 year of pre university exam or equivalent as
recognized by concerned university with science subject
i.e. Physics, Biology, and Chemistry.
 Students of vocational courses
 Obtained at least 45% of total marks in science subjects in
the qualifying exam, if belong to SC/ST, should have
obtained not less than 40% of total marks in science
subjects
 Completed 17 years of age at the time of admission
or will complete this age on or before 31 December
of the year of admission.
 Is medically fit
 Objective
s
The program is designed:
 To provide a balance of professional and general education
 To enable a student to become a professional nurse
practitioner who has self direction and is a responsible
citizen.
Through planned guided experiences students are
provided with opportunities to develop:
A broad concept of the fundamental principles of nursing care
based on sound knowledge and satisfactory levels of skill in
providing care to people of all ages in community or
institutional settings.
 Ability to investigate health care problems
systematically.
 Ability to work collaboratively with members of
allied discipline towards attaining optimum
health for all members of the society.
 Understanding of fundamental principles of
administration and organization of nursing services.
 Understanding of human behaviour and
appreciation of effective interpersonal
relationship with individuals families and groups
 Ability to assume responsibility for continued
learning.
 Appreciation of professional attitudes
 Post basic BSc
Nursing

 Undergraduate nursing program at post basic

level is a broad based education with the
academic framework, which builds upon the
skills and competencies acquired at diploma
level.
 Duration : 2 years
 Thegoal is the preparation of the trained nurse
as a generalist who accept responsibility for
enhancing the effectiveness of nursing care
Eligibili
ty
 The candidate seeking admission must:
 Hold a certification in general nursing
 Be a registered nurse
 Have minimum of two years of experience
 Have passed pre university exam in the arts/ science
commerce or equivalent which is recognized the
university
 Be medially fit
 Have a good personal and professional record
 Have working knowledge of English.
 Objectiv
es
 Administer high quality nursing care to all
people of all ages in home, hospitals and
other community agencies in urban and rural
areas.
 Apply knowledge from the physical, social and
behavioural sciences in assessing the health
status of individuals and make critical
judgement in assessing the health status of
the individuals and make the critical
judgement in planning, directing and
evaluating primary, acute and long term care
given by themselves and others working with
them.
 Work collaboratively with members of
other health disciplines
 Teach and council individual and families and
other groups about health and illness
 Understand human behaviour and establish
effective interpersonal relationship
 Teach in clinical nursing situations
 Identify underlying principles from the social and
natural sciences and utilizing them in adapting
to, or initiating changes in relation to those
factors.
 Acquire professional knowledge and
attitude in adapting for leadership roles
 MSC. NURSING
Post graduate program is essential to
prepare nurses to improve the quality of
nursing education and practice in India.
It builds upon and extend competence
acquired at the graduate levels, Emphasize
applications of relevant theories in to
nursing practice, education, administration
and development of results skills.
Encourages accountability and
commitment to lifelong learning which
fosters improvement of quality care.
MSC. NURSING
Duration : 2
years Aim
The aim of the postgraduate program in
nursing is to prepare graduates to assume
responsibilities as nurse specialists,
consultants, educators, administrators in a
wide variety of professional settings.
 COMPETENCIES
Utilize/ apply the concepts, theories and principles of
nursing science
Demonstrate advance competence in practice of
nursing Practice as a nurse specialist
Demonstrate leadership qualities and function effectively as
nurse educator and manager
Demonstrate the ability to plan and effect change in
nursing practice and in the health care delivery system.
Demonstrate skill in conducting nursing research, interpreting
and utilizing the findings from health related research.
Establish collaborative relationship with members of
other discipline.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA

A registered midwife of equivalent with

any state Nursing registration council.
The minimum educational requirements
shall be passing of BSc nursing / BSc
Hons Nursing/Post Basic BSc Nursing
with minimum of 55% aggregate marks.
Minimum 1 year of work experience
prior or after Post Basic BSc Nursing.
 MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY
PROGRAM IN NURSING
RAK College of Nursing, Delhi,
1980’s - regular and part time
course.
The academic council recommended to
delink MPhil from the PhD program.
The MPhil program started on October
15, 1986.
To strengthen the research
foundations of the nurses for
encouraging research attitudes and
problem solving capabilities.
To provide basic training required
for research in undertaking
doctoral work.
 Full time – 1 Yr
 Part time - 2 Yr
The Manipal Academy of Higher
Education
Christian Medical College, Vellore
University of Calicut,
RAK College of Nursing, Delhi
Vivekanadha teaching
Institute, Coimbatore.
 PHILOSOPHY DOCTORATE IN
NURSING

 The doctor of philosophy is the university’s highest

level supervised research degree.
 The purpose is to have doctoral education to prepare nurse
scholars who will contribute both to the development and
application of knowledge in nursing for enhancing quality
of nursing education, research, practice and dissemination
of nursing knowledge.
 National Consortium for Ph.D in Nursing has been
constituted by Indian Nursing Council to promote
research activities, in various fields of Nursing in
ELIGIBILIT
Y

 The candidate must have MPhil or MSc

(N) or a postgraduate degree in nursing
recognized by INC
 He or she passed minimum of 60%marks
 The final selection of candidate is made on
the basis of all India entrance test
 Those candidate who passes MPhil degree as
well as published original research article are
given a weightage of 10 marks(5 marks for
 DURATION OF
COURSE

 Full time candidate should complete

research work and submit the thesis of
university within 5 year.

For a part time candidate , the
maximum period for submit the thesis
in 7 year.
 NURSE PRACTITIONER PROGRAMMES
 Nurse practitioners treat both physical and mental

conditions through comprehensive history taking ,

physical exams and ordering tests for interpretation.

 Nurse practitioners can provide a diagnosis and

recommendations for a wide range of acute and

chronic diseases and provide appropriate
treatment for patients , including prescribing
medications in some states.
 Nurse practitioners can serve as a patients

primary health provider, and see patients of

all ages depending on their specialities .
 The core philosophy of the field is individualized

care that focuses on patients conditions as well

as the effects of illness on the lives of the
patients and their families.
 According to the International Council of nurses ,

A Nurse practitioners / advanced practice nurse is “a

registered nurse who has acquired the knowledge base,
decision making skills and clinical competencies for
expanded practice beyond that of an RN, the
characteristics of which would be determined by the
context in which he/she is credential to practice.
 Medical diagnoses, treatment, evaluation and
management of acute and chronic illness and
disease
 Obtaining medical histories and conducting
physical examinations
 Ordering and performing diagnostic studies (eg:- lab
test, x- rays and EKGs)
 Requesting physical therapy, occupational
therapy, and other rehabilitation treatments
 Prescribing drugs for acute and chronic illness
 Providing prenatal care and family planning
services
 Providing well-child care, including
screening and immunization
 Providing primary and speciality care
services , health – maintenance care for
adults, including annual physicals.
 Providing care for patients in acute and
critical care
 Performing or assisting in minor
surgeries and procedures(suturing,
casting)
 Counselling and educating patients on heath
  Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
  Geriatric Nurse Practitioner
  Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
  Obstetric Nurse Practitioner
  Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
  Emergency Nurse Practitioner
  Hepatology Nurse Practitioner
 Community clinics, health centers,
 Health maintenance organizations
 Home health care agencies
 Hospitals
 Hospital clinics
 Hospice care
 CURRENT TRENDS IN
NURSING 2017
 Genetics Nurse
 Stem Cell Technology Nurse
 Robots to Assist
 Intelligent Alarms
 Holistic Nursing: Back to the Future
 SUMMARIZATION
• Definition of nursing
• Definition of education
• Definition of nursing education
• Nursing in pre-historic times
• Post independence development of nursing education
• Programmes in nursing education
• Non – university programmes in nursing education
 CONT..
• Training of dais
• Objectives of ANM educational programme
• Eligibility criteria of ANM course
• Lady health visitor course
• Objectives of GNM course
• Criteria for GNM course
• Objectives of post basic nursing
 CONT…
• University programmes in nursing education
 Basic BSc programmes
 Objectives of basic BSc nursing programme
 Eligibility criteria for BSc nursing course
 Objectives of MSc nursing programme
 Eligibility criteria for MSc nursing course
 Objectives for M.Phil in nursing course
 Eligibility criteria for M.Phil in nursing course
 CONT…
• Objectives of PhD programme in Nursing
• Eligibility criteria for PhD in nursing
• Nurse Practitioner Programme
• Current trends in nursing education
 RECAPTUALIZATION
FILL IN THE BLANKS:
1) Trained Nurses Association was established in _________.
1908
2. Current president of Indian Nursing Council is_________
Mr. T. Dileep Kumar
3. The two programmes of nursing education
are_____,_____.
University and non-university programmes
4. Duration of training of dais is______ days.
30 days
5. LHV stands for______.
Lady Health Visitor
 TRUE OR FALSE
6. Duration of GNM course is 3 years.(T/F)
6. FALSE
7. Nurse practitioner can prescribe drugs for acute and
chronic illness. (T/F)
7. TRUE
8. The entrance qualification for lady health visitor course
is matriculation. (T/F)
8. TRUE
9. The doctorate of philosophy is the university’s highest
level supervised researched degree. (T/F)
9. TRUE
10. Maximum period for submitting thesis in PhD is 4
years. (T/F)
10. FALSE
Write an assignment on “effect
of new nursing trends in
improvement of nursing skills?
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Basheer PS. Textbook of nursing education.
Banglore: Emmess medical publishers;2015
 Raj BED, Bhaskar N. Textbook of nursing
education. India
: Emmess Medical publishers; 2003
 Sodhi KS. Nursing Education.Delhi: Jaypee
Publication ; 2017
 Sudha R. Nursing education principles and concepts.
New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2013
 Neeraja KP.Textbook of nursing education. New
Delhi,: Jaypee brothers medical publishers; 2013.
 www. Indian nursing council.com