An Introduction

Towards
Qualitative
Research
Ms. Jolena Recomono Centeno
 The question
is…
• What is research?
• What is qualitative
research?
• What is quantitative
research?
 “Give me a fish
and I eat today.
Teach me how to
fish and I will eat
for a lifetime”
• RESEARCH is a systematic
process geared towards working
on exhaustive inquiry,
investigation or experimentation
with the aim of finding new facts
(knowledge) in explaining the
problems associated with our
day to day relations with our
environments (social, natural,
political, economics) and coming
up with solutions in facing them.
• Research is an area that is
commonly misunderstood,
but an indispensable
component of academic and
industry practices.

• Being a fully-pledged
researcher doesn’t happen
overnight.
• The systematic investigation and
study of materials and sources to
establish facts and reach new
conclusions.
• Generally people find it difficult
to do research. Many reasons are
given for people to find excuse in
doing it. Some benefit of
conducting research include
increasing personal knowledge.
 Nature of
Inquiry
• Defined as “a seeking for truth,
information or knowledge”, the
information is sought through
questioning.
• It allows individuals to grapple
with different ways of looking at
ideas, issues and to think
creatively about problems that
don’t possess simple (or perhaps
 Nature of
Inquiry
• It is important for human being
to continuously research for the
development of what was
already been invented and
discovered to improve human
life.
 Inquiry-based
process
• The process are multiple, varied
and open to selection. Different
factors will be involved in
different kinds of inquiries in
different areas of knowledge and
at different level of experience.
 Inquiry-based
procees
• Selection of • Application of
appropriate evidence to
questions identified issues
• Formation of • Presentation of
appropriate coherent,
questions conclusion, final or
• Identification of tentative
key issues • Reflection on, and
• Search for valid assessment of the
and relevant learning process.
evidence
• The arrival of new
information in our lives,
means much. Research
is not a single activity. It
is multiple and
adaptable.
Experience
and
Knowledge
Experience
is the best
• Personal Experience
• It gives you a taste of
success or failure
• It varies among people
• Considered as a rich and
practical source of
knowledge or
experience.
• Doing research is
anchored on an
experiential learning
approach where you will
fuse and build principles
with real-life experiences.
 The
qualities of
a good
research
inquirer
 Utility
Competency
• Utility means:
–The quality or state of being
useful.
Being a researcher, you
should know your own
function towards the group.
 Technical
Competency
• We deal lots of editing when
doing a research, hence you
should be prepared on having
back ups and revised files.
• A researcher should also
know the required formatting
for the manuscript itself.
 PATIENCE!! (INTRA
AND EXTRA)
• Patience is a virtue. When we
are talking about intra
patience here, it means inside
of the group (if you have a
group), and the other one
means outside the group.
• Doing research can result into
an incidental competition
 Service AND
Effort
• Conducting the research itself
is hard work, through this
kind of approach in research,
the researchers should also
have the courtesy to their
prospective respondents.
 Guts and
Risks
• During the data gathering,
the researchers are going to
approach their prospective
respondents so that they
could collect the data needed
for them to gather.
Philosophica
l worldviews
in research
• Researchers may be
categorized based on
their dominant
perception of the
process, functions
and benefits of
research studies.
 Constructivi
st develop
• Philosophy: “Individuals
subjective meanings of their
experiences”
• Main concept: Researchers in
this group believe that
experiences expressed through
words can paint a better picture
of a certain phenomena.
• EX: Verbatim expression.
 Postpositivi
• Philosophy: “ st
We cannot be
positive in our claims of
knowledge when studying
behavior and actions of
humans.”
• Main concept: Researchers in
this category subscribes to the
idea that everything should be
quantified to produce
Transformati
ve inquiry
• Philosophy: “Research
should be intertwined with
politics and political change
agenda.”
• Main concept: Researchers in
this group supports the idea that
research should be conducted to
increase quality of life and
produce better societies.
 Pragmatic
• Philosophy: “We need to look to
many possibilities for collecting
and analysing data”
• Main concept: Researchers in
this group promotes the use of
both approaches in expressing
research findings
• EX: A presentation of percentage
of smokers and as well as the
 The Research
Manuscript
• This is the final written output of
a research study. It is the product
of the research process in written
or soft copy form.
• The content and format of the
research manuscript should
follow specific research content
guideline and format.
Terminologies in
research
Different APPROACHES in
research
• Qualitative Research – an approach
in which the researchers would
understanding the individuals or
groups ascribe to a social or human
problem.
• Quantitative Research – an
approach for testing objective theories
by examining the relationship of
among variables.
• Mixed Approach – inquiry involving
LET’S HAVE
AN
EXERCISE
IDENTIFY WHAT KIND
OF APPROACH IS BEING
STATED.
 Differences in
Qualitative and
QUALITATI QUANTITAT
VE Quantitative
IVE
• “All research • “There’s no such as
ultimately has a qualitative data.
qualitative Everything is either
1 or 0” – Fred
grounding.” – Kerlinger
Donald Campbell •
The aim is to
• The aim is a classify features,
complete count them, and
detailed construct statistical
description. models in an
 Differences in
Qualitative and
QUANTITAT QUALITATI
IVE Quantitative
VE
• The researcher • Researcher may
already knows only know roughly
what she/he in advance what
looking for. she/he is looking
• All aspects of the for.
study are carefully • The design
designed before emerges as the
data is collected. study unfolds.
• Researcher uses • Researcher is the
tools to collect data-gathering
 Differences in
Qualitative and
QUANTITAT QUALITATI
IVE Quantitative
VE
• Data is in form • Data is in form
of number and of words, picture
statistics. or object.
• Objective – • Subjective –
seeks precise individual’s
measurement interpretation of
and analysis of event is
target concepts. important.
 Differences in
Qualitative and
QUALITATI QUANTITAT
VE Quantitative
IVE
• Data is more • Data is more
rich, time efficient, able to
consuming and test hypothesis,
less able to be but may miss
generalized. contextual
• Researcher detail.
tends to become • Researcher tend
subjectively to remain
immersed in the objectively
 End of
lesson 1