DESIGN OF ROAD SIDE DRAINAGE

PROJECT GUIDE : PRESENTED BY :

MR. AMISH KUMAR AMAN K. BHANU PRASAD 197Y5A0103
M.Tech Assistant Professor Y. CHAKRISH 197Y5A0104
 ABSTRACT
 Provision of sufficient drainage is an important factor in the location and geometric design of
roads.

 Drainage facilities on any road or street should be adequately provided for the flow of water away
from the surface of the pavement to properly designed channels. Inadequate drainage will
eventually result in serious damage to the road and which leads to water table exists in pavements.

 This project is confined only to designing a drainage system for the road along this road. Which
is help full to design a road side drainage with required capacity.

 Significance of the project is to outcome of this project shall help to propose the lay out for the
new side drainage in order to fulfill its requirements as a drainage, such as to drain off excess
water on shoulder and pavement edge which cause considerable damage and improve pedestrian
safety using side walk ways near side.
 INTRODUCTION
 Drainage is the process of interception and removal of water from over, and under the vicinity of the road

surface.

 Drainage can be surface (where water is conveyed on the road surface and drainage channels), or

subsurface (water flows underneath the pavement structure).

 Drainage facilities are required to protect the road against damage from surface and sub surface water.

 Traffic safety is also important as poor drainage can result in dangerous conditions like hydroplaning.

 Poor drainage can also compromise the structural integrity and life of a pavement.

 Drainage systems combine various natural and manmade facilities like Ditches, pipes, culverts, curbs to

convey this water safely.

 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
 This road is located along main road to Andra bank opposite to Grave yard. It is unpaved road and is under
the Medak municipal council.

PROBLEM STATEMENT :

 According to this problem of lacking side drainage along this road, the soil surrounding the Andra bank has
been eroded by the water flowing during the rain, also because the water during the rain is passing on the
road, potholes has occurred on top of this road.

 Therefore, a drainage system has to be designed. However, the existing road along this street is showing
signs of failure, caused mainly by lacking of drainage.

 Also it is better to have good method of designing a side drainage in order to overcome these problems
arises on this road.
 TYPES OF DRAINAGE
There are basically three types of drainage applied to highways that are

a) Subsurface drainage b) Surface drainage c) Cross drainage

 MAIN OBJECTIVE

 Design of an efficient drainage system along this road.

 To determine the catchment area and the expected flow.

 To collect design information for drainage system.

 To determination of runoff onto the road and discharge of water.

 To design of the drainage channels using results obtained.

 LITERATURE REVIEW

Dipnoan, (2014) studied highway surface drainage system and problems of water logging and

concluded that adverse roadway elements contributing to highway accidents were substandard

roadway alignment or geometry, lack of shoulders and shoulder defects, absent or

inappropriate pedestrian facilities, narrow and defective lanes and bridges/bridge approaches,

roadside hazards, undefined pavement center and edge lines, poor sight distances and

visibility, unmarked and inappropriate design of intersections, serious allocation deficiencies

along the route, haphazard bus shelters/stops, and others are causes of water logging problem

in highway. This research traced that proper drainage is a very important consideration in

design of a highway
 METHODOLOGY
 The work contains particularly the detailed analysis of the underground drainage system.

 The designs need to respect (changing) legislation framework of the issue related to the management
of rain water from roads.

 Therefore, soaking is preferred to rain water draining, which reduces the requirements for the capacity
of drainage piping and for the capacity of industrial water treatment plants.

 The drainage elements in bridges particularly include measures for draining concrete bridge deck
insulation, or drainage behind the support or drainage of buttresses; the drainage system of bridges
itself is not a subject of this regulation.

 Apart from design requirements for drainage systems, recommendations related to the performance
and maintenance of drainage systems following the inspections and monitoring are included.
 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
 Classification of side drainage

 Trapezoidal surface drainage

 V-shaped lined surface drainage

 Urban surface drainage

 Requirement of highway drainage system

 The surface water should drained off without allowing it to percolate to sub grade

 The surface water from the adjoining land should be prevented from entering the roadway.

 The surface drainage should have sufficient capacity and slope to carry surface water.

 flow of surface water across the road and shoulders and along slopes should not cause formation of
erosion.
 DETERMINATION OF RUNOFF
 Runoff at a particular point is determined with respect to a given catchment area and depends on a
number of factors such; type and condition of the soil in the catchment, kind and extent of vegetation or
cultivation, length and steepness of the slopes and the developments on the area among others.

 The following formula known as the rational formula is used for calculation of runoff water for highway
drainage.
Q= 0.028CIA
where:
Q is maximum runoff in m3 per sec C is a

constant depending upon the nature of the surface.

 I is the critical intensity of storm in mm/hour occurring during the time of concentration .

 A is the catchment area in km

 HYDRAULIC DESIGN
 Once the design runoff Q is determined, the next is the hydraulic design of drains.

 The side drainage and other structures are designed based on the principles of flow through open
channels.

 If Q is the quantity of surface water (m3 /sec) to be removed by a side drainage and V is allowable

velocity of flow (m/s) on the side drainage, the area of cross section A of the channel (m 2 ) is found from
the relation below:

Q=A.V

 The velocity of unlined channel must be high enough to prevent silting and it should not be too high as
to cause erosion.
 The allowable velocity should be greater than one (1m/sec) for lined channel.

 The slope S of the longitudinal drain of known or assumed cross section and depth of flow may
determined by using manning’s formula for the design value of velocity of flow V, roughness coefficient n
and hydraulic radius R.

 Manning’s formula V=1/n*r2/3*S1/2

where:

v = average velocity m/sec

n = manning’s roughness coefficient

r = hydraulic radius

s = longitudinal slope of channel.

DESIGN OF MOST ECONOMICAL SIDE DRAINAGE
 TRAPEZOIDAL SECTION:
Cross section area (A) of the side drainage required will be obtained from the formula below;
Q = A*V

where; Q = quantity of rain water surface runoff in m3 /sec

A = cross section area in m2
V = velocity of flow in m/sec
Required dimensions;
 suppose the bottom width (b) =0.5m
 side slope (S) 1:1

 free water body = 0.15m

From the formula

Area = 0.5*(B + b)*d
Wetted perimeter = 1.49m
 LONGITUDINAL SLOPE
From Manning’s formula
V=1/n*R2/3*S1/2
 S= (n*V/R2/3) 2
Where; S=Longitudinal slope
V=Velocity of flow in m/sec
R=Hydraulic Radius
n=Manning’s roughness coefficient
Hydraulic Radius=Cross section area ÷ Wetted perimeter
Therefore, the proposed slope for the side drainage is 0.175
 CONCLUSION
After this research many problems were discovered such as potholes,
corrugations, water lodging, ruts ,erosion on the edge of the road as the
result of inspection, practical checking of the whole road and all areas
surrounding the road. In order to maintain the life span and purpose of
the road as designing Road side drainage of adequate size and capacity,
the discharge and all dimensions produced can be used for the
construction as it designed.