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The document discusses the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) and its application in understanding the sampling distribution of the sample mean. It explains how CLT allows for the approximation of normal distribution in sample means, even when the population distribution is skewed, particularly when sample sizes are large (n > 30). Additionally, it includes examples and exercises to illustrate the concepts of mean, variance, and standard deviation in the context of sampling distributions.

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melton a. Merza
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2 views

Stat8

The document discusses the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) and its application in understanding the sampling distribution of the sample mean. It explains how CLT allows for the approximation of normal distribution in sample means, even when the population distribution is skewed, particularly when sample sizes are large (n > 30). Additionally, it includes examples and exercises to illustrate the concepts of mean, variance, and standard deviation in the context of sampling distributions.

Uploaded by

melton a. Merza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 38

Statistics and Probability

MELTON A. MERZA, CE, LPT


 Described the sampling distribution of the
sample mean using the concept of Central
Limit Theorem;

 Applied the Central Limit Theorem in solving


problems involving sampling distribution of
sample means; and
 Reflected on the practical implications of
Central Limit Theorem being used in solving
problems involving sampling
Lesson Overview Many common statistical
procedures require data that approximately follows
a normal distribution. However, normally
distributed data isn’t always the case. There are
cases wherein the population is skewed, that is,
the mass of the distribution is concentrated on
either left or right tail of the curve. This is where
the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) becomes useful. In
addition, this lesson will also help you define the
sampling distribution of the sample mean using
Central Limit Theorem and eventually solve
problems involving sampling distribution of the
To understand clearly and illustrate this CLT, your
knowledge in finding the mean and variance of
the sampling distribution of sample mean which
was discussed previously is much needed.
Furthermore, your understanding in finding areas
under normal curve using the z-table is helpful in
solving problems involving sampling distribution
of the means.
Now, consider all the possible samples of size 2 that
can be drawn without replacement from the population
1,2,3,4,5, and 6. Create a sampling distribution of the
sample mean and compute the following:
1. mean of the sampling distribution of the
sample mean;
2. variance of the sampling distribution of the
sample mean;
3. standard deviation of the sampling distribution
of the sample mean; and
4. illustrate the probability histogram of the
sampling distribution of the mean with size 2.
Observe that the distribution of the population is
uniform while the sampling distribution of the
mean has a shape approaching the shape of the

sample size 𝑛 increases. Central Limit Theorem


familiar bell curve or normal distribution as the

allows us to conclude that the distribution of the


sample mean will be normal if the sample size is
sufficiently large.
least 30 or 𝒏 > 𝟑𝟎 is large enough to conclude
It is generally accepted that a sample size of at

that CLT will ensure a normal distribution in the


sampling process regardless of the distribution of
the population. This theorem also applies
automatically to sampling from infinite population.
It also assures us that no matter what the shape of
the distribution of the mean is, the sampling

normally distributed whenever 𝑛 is large.


distribution of the sample means is closely
Example:
Suppose that the average age of the people living
in a Barangay is 34 with a standard deviation of
6. If 80 residents of a certain Barangay decided to
take summer outing after COVID-19 pandemic
and Enhanced Community Quarantine has been
lifted for bonding and relaxation, what is the
probability that the average age of these
residents is:
a) less than 33 years old?
b) more than 35 years old?
c) between 33 and 35 years old?
Step 5: State the final answer.
Therefore, the probability that the random
sample of 80 persons has an average age of
fewer than 33 years old is 0.0681 or 6.81%.

Step 1: Identify the given information. 𝜇 = 34, 𝜎


b) more than 35 years old?

= 6, 𝑥̅= 35, 𝑛 = 80
Step 2: Identify what is asked. 𝑃(𝑥̅> 35)
Step 2: Samples of size 3:
2, 4, 9 2, 4, 10 2, 4, 5 2, 9, 10 2, 9, 5
2, 10, 5 4, 9, 10 4, 9, 5 4, 10, 5 9, 10, 5
Activity 2 –Construct Me! Direction: Read and
analyze the situation below. In your answer
sheet, answer what is asked.

Situation: A population consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4,


and 5. Suppose samples of size 2 are drawn from
this population. List all the possible samples.
Then, compute the population mean, the mean of
each sample, and construct the sampling
distribution of sample means by following the
steps.

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