TON DUC THANG UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

CHAPTER 10: MEMORY

AND DATA STORAGE
DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN 1
402061
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The picture content of this slide is from

Thomas L. Floyd, [2015],Digital Fundamentals,
11e. Prentice Hall.

3/24/2016 402061 - CHAP 10: MEMORY AND DATA STORAGE 2

 OUTLINE
1. Define the basic memory
2. RAM
3. ROM
4. Memory expansion
5. Special types of memory
6. Magnetic and optical storage

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 OBJECTIVES

 Define the basic memory characteristics

 Explain what a RAM is and how it works
 Explain the difference between static RAMs
(SRAMs) and dynamic RAMs (DRAMs)
 Explain what a ROM is and how it works
 Describe the various types of PROMs

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 OBJECTIVES

 Discuss the characteristics of a flash

memory
 Describe the expansion of ROMs and RAMs
to increase word length and word capacity
 Discuss special types of memories such as
FIFO and LIFO
 Describe several characteristics of cloud
storage

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 MEMORY UNITS
 1 Byte = 8 Bits
 Computer memory is divided into group of
bytes called words.
1 word = internal register size

Ex: 8 bit register  1 word = 1 byte

assembly language: 1 word = 2 bytes

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 MEMORY UNITS
 Location of 1 unit of data in memory:
address
 In PCs, 1 byte is the smallest unit of data
that can be addressed
1
2
3 1
4 2
5 3
6 4
7 5
8 6
7
8 Address: row 2 column 8
Address: row 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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 MEMORY ADDRESSING
Read / write data into memory

Read Write

Row
address
decoder

Address bus Memory array Data bus

Column address decoder

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 MEMORY ADDRESSING

With 32 bit address bus, how

many location of data can be
accessed?
32
2

 Memory size?
~ 4GB

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 WRITING DATA

3/24/2016 402061 - CHAP 10: MEMORY AND DATA STORAGE 10

 READING DATA

*** Data bus: 2 way path

Address bus: 1 way
path

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 RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)

 Temporary data storage

 Write or read data to/from RAM
 Volatile

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 RAM

Random -
Bits stored in a semiconductor Access
Bits stored as charge
latch or flip-flop M em ory on a capacitor
(RAM )

Static Dynam ic
RAM RAM
(SRA M) (DRA M)

Synchronous Fast Page Extended Burst

Asynchronous SRA M with M ode Data Out EDO DRAM Synchronous
SRA M DRAM
burst feature DRAM DRAM (BE DO
(AS RAM ) (SB SRAM ) (FP M DRAM ) (EDO DRAM ) DRAM ) (SDR AM )

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 SRAM
 Data is stored in latches or flip-flops
Row Select 0

Row Select 1

Memory cell
Row Select 2

Row Selectn

Data Input/Output
Buffers and Control

Data I/O Data I/O Data I/O Data I/O

Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3
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 DRAM

 Data is stored as charges in capacitors

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 READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)

 Read data from ROM

 Permanent data storage
 ROM has system initialization files
 Non-volatile

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 ROM

Read-Only
Memory
(ROM)

Electrically
Mask Programmable Erasable Ultraviolet
Erasable
ROM ROM PROM EPROM PROM
(PROM) (EPROM) (UV EPROM) (EEPROM)

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 PROM, EPROM, EEPROM
 PROM: programmable ROM. A bit is
programmed into the memory using a fuse.

 EPROM: erasable PROM. Use UV light

to erase data.

 EEPROM: electrically EPROM. Program

and erase data using electrical pulses.

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 MEMORY SIZE
k address lines
 n data lines
 x n memory

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 MEMORY EXPANSION

 Address bus (expand word capacity)

 Data bus (expand word size)

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 MEMORY EXPANSION

 Address bus (expand word capacity)

RAM 2M ´8
Address RAM 1
bus 20 bits
1M ´8
21 bits EN
8 bits

Control What is the purpose of

bus
Data
the inverter?
8 bits
bus
RAM 2
20 bits
1M ´8

EN 8 bits
Only one of the ICs is enabled
at any time depending on the
logic on the added address
line.
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 MEMORY EXPANSION

 Data bus (expand word size)

RAM 2m ´ 2n
Address
m bits
bus

RAM 1 RAM 2
m bits 2m ´n m bits 2m ´n

D D
Data Data
in/out n bits in/out n bits

Control
bus

2n bits

Data bus
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 CLOUD STORAGE

TechSmartt. “What is cloud storage?” Online video. YouTube. YouTube, 4 Oct 2014.
Web. 24 March 2016
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 SUMMARY
In this chapter, we have learned:
 basic memory characteristics
 different types of RAM, ROM and how they
work
 characteristics of a flash memory
 the expansion of ROMs and RAMs
 special types of memories such as FIFO and
LIFO
 several characteristics of cloud storage
3/24/2016 402061 - CHAP 10: MEMORY AND DATA STORAGE 24
 HW #10
DIGITAL FUNDAMENTALS 11th edition (borrow
from the library)
 Prob: pg 690 – 693 every even problem
 Prepare: Review for the final exam

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