ENGINEERING

LAWS AND ETHICS

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25
• Something to think
about after Board Exam:
LAWS and ETHICS
I am a senior seeking
employment. In January, I
am offered a job by
company X for
P13,000/month, and I am
given days to accept their
offer. I accept their offer.
Two weeks later, I receive an
offer of P20,000/month, and
a more exciting position
from company Y. What do I
do?
LEARNUM REVIEW CENTER 02/25/2025
 Known Terms
• Chemical Engineering
The study, development and application of unit operations and unit
processes.
• Chemical Engineer
A professional who conceptualizes, develops, designs, improves and
applies safe, healthy, ethical and economic ways of utilizing materials
and energy in unit processes and operations for the benefit of society
and environment through the knowledge of mathematics, chemistry,
biology, information technology an other natural, applied and social
sciences, gained by study, research and practice. (CHED)
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• Republic Act 9297
•
What is Chemical
An act regulating the practice of Chemical
Engineering Profession?
Engineering in the Philippines and for other
purposes. This Act repels R.A. 318, otherwise
known as “The Chemical Engineering Law”.

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 RA 9297

• Article I: Title, Statement of Policy, Definition of Terms

and Scope of Practice
• Title: Chemical Engineering Law of 2004
• Definition of Terms:
• Chemical Engineering Practice – “render chemical engineering
services.”

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 RA 9297

• Article I: Title, Statement of Policy,

Definition of Terms and Scope of
Practice
• Definition of Terms
1. Unit Process – the chemical change which is involved in the manufacture of
industrial or consumer products or the treatment of industrial or chemical wastes.
2. Industrial plant – means any plant in which a unit process and/or operations are
involved, including the related pollution control and abatement processes or
operations.

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 RA 9297
• Article I: Title, Statement of Policy, Definition of Terms and Scope of Practice
• Definition of Terms
3. Unit Operation – the physical operation by which a
desired step in an industrial process is conducted or
controlled.
4. Chemical Engineer – shall mean a person duly
registered and a holder of a valid Certificate of
Registration and Professional Identification Card issued
by the Board of Chemical Engineering and the
Professional Regulation Commission.
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 RA 9297
• Article I: Title, Statement of Policy, Definition of Terms and Scope of Practice
• Scope of Practice
1. Consultation requiring chemical engineering
knowledge, skill and proficiency;
2. Investigation
3. Estimation and/or valuation;
4. Planning;
5. Preparation of feasibility studies;
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 RA 9297
• Article I: Title, Statement of Policy, Definition of Terms and Scope of Practice
• Scope of Practice
6. Designing;
7. Preparation of specifications;
8. Supervision of Installation;
9. Operation, including quality management; but
excluding chemical analysis and operation of the
chemical laboratory; and

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 RA 9297
• Article I: Title, Statement of Policy, Definition of Terms and Scope of Practice
• Scope of Practice
10. The teaching, lecturing and reviewing professional
chemical engineering subjects in the curriculum of the
Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering degree or
a subject in the Chemical Engineering licensure
examination given by any school, college, university or
any other educational institution shall be considered a
professional chemical engineering service.

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 RA 9297
• Article II: Creation of the Professional Regulatory Board for Chemical
Engineer

• Composition of the Board under the

administrative control and supervision of the
Professional Regulation Commission,
hereinafter called Commission, composed of
a Chairman an two (2) members to be
appointed by the President of the Philippines
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 RA 9297
• Article II: Creation of the Professional Regulatory Board for
Chemical Engineer

• Term of Office a term of three (3) years

only.
• Secretary of the Board shall record the
minutes of its meetings and perform such
other functions as the Board may require.
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 RA 9297
• Article II: Creation of the Professional Regulatory Board for Chemical Engineer
• Qualifications of the Board Chairman and
Members
a) A natural-born Filipino citizen and resident of the
Philippines
b) At least a holder of a bachelor’s degree in chemical
engineering or its equivalent, as conferred by an
engineering school of good standing, recognized and
accredited by the Government;
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 RA 9297
• Article II: Creation of the Professional Regulatory Board for Chemical Engineer
• Qualifications of the Board Chairman and
Members
c) A registered chemical engineer who has been in
active practice for at least (10) years;
d) A member of good standing of the integrated and
duly accredited national chemical engineering
profession; and
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 RA 9297
• Article II: Creation of the Professional Regulatory Board for Chemical Engineer
• Qualifications of the Board Chairman and Members
e) A person who does not have any pecuniary interest,
directly or indirectly in any university, college, school or
institution conferring an academic degree necessary for
admission to the practice of chemical engineering or
where review classes in preparation for the licensure
examination are being offered or conducted; nor shall he
be a member of the faculty or of the administration
thereof at the time of his appointment to the Board.
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 RA 9297
• Article II: Creation of the Professional Regulatory Board for Chemical Engineer

• Powers and Duties of the Board

A) Supervise and regulate the practice of the chemical engineering profession;
B) Determine and evaluate the qualifications of the applicants for registration;
C) Prescribe the subjects in the licensure examination; determine the syllabi
and their relative weighs; construct the test questions in the examination;
score and rate the examination papers; and submit the examination results
to the Commission;
D) Issue together with the Commission, Certificates of Registration and
Professional Identification Card to the applicants who have passed the
licensure examinations for registered chemical engineers.

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 RA 9297
• Article III: Examination and Registration
• Examination Requirement: to pass the licensure
• Holding of Examination: given twice each calendar year
• Scope of Examination: Physical and Chemical Principles; General Engineering;
and Chemical Engineering
• Qualifications for Examinations:
(a) That he/she is a citizen of the Philippines;
(b) That he/she is of good moral character;
(c) That he/she is a graduate of a school, institute, college or university recognized by the
Government and has been conferred the degree of Bachelor of Science in Chemical
Engineering or its equivalent; and
(d) That he/she has not been convicted of an offense involving moral turpitude by a court of
competent jurisdiction.
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 RA 9297
• Article III: Examination and Registration
• Issuance of Certificate of Registration and Professional Identification Card: a
general average of no less than seventy per centum(70%) and a rating of no less than
fifty per centum (50%) in any examination subject.
• Exemptions from Registration
(a) Foreign chemical engineers recognized as experts in their specific fields of
chemical engineering, called in by the Republic of the Philippines for
consultation or for a specific design, installation or project: Provided, that their
practice shall be confined to such work;
(b) Foreign chemical engineers, who have distinguished themselves in their respective
fields of specialization, contracted as professors or lecturers on chemical
engineering subjects by Philippine schools, or colleges, institutes or universities on
a direct hire or exchange basis, subject to verification of credentials by the Board.

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 RA 9297
• Article III: Examination and Registration
• Suspension or Revocation of Certificate of
Registration and Certificate of Compliance
(a) Any act of misrepresentation in connection with an
alleged performance of chemical engineering activities;
(b)Acts inimical to the chemical engineering profession; and
(c)Gross immorality or commission of any act involving
moral turpitude.

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 RA 9297
• Article IV: Practice of Chemical Engineering
Vested Rights: All chemical engineers who are registered at the time this Act takes
effect shall automatically be registered.
Who May Practice Chemical Engineering: Except as may be provided by this Act, only
persons properly licensed and registered may practice chemical engineering.
Prohibition in the Practice of Chemical Engineering:
(a) Practice chemical engineering or render chemical engineering services, or pass
himself off or advise himself as a chemical engineer without a valid certificate of
registration or when such has been suspended or revoked;
(b) Attempt to use as his own the certificate or seal of another person or impersonate
any registered chemical engineer; or
(c) Furnish the Board or Commission any false information or document in order to
secure a Certificate of Registration.

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 RA 9297
• Article IV: Practice of Chemical Engineering
Roster of Chemical Engineers: The Commission shall keep a
roster of all duly licensed and registered chemical engineers,
stating their names, registration numbers and places of
business. The Commission shall regularly update such roster
and make it available to all interested parties.
Foreign Reciprocity: Foreign chemical engineer shall be
granted ay of the right or privilege under this Act unless the
country of which he is a subject or citizen grants the same or
similar rights or privileges to Filipino chemical engineers.
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 RA 9297

• Article V: General Provisions

Penal Clause:
of not less than Ten thousand pesos
(P10,000) nor more than One million pesos
(P1,000,000) or imprisonment for a period of not
less than six (6) months nor more than five (5)
years or both at the discretion of the court.
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 Review Questions

1. No one can practice chemical engineering in the country

unless licensed by the Board of Chemical Engineering.
A. False B. True
B. C. Both True and False D. No answer

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 Review Questions

2. A presidential decree creating the Professional

Regulation Commission and prescribing its power and
functions
A. P.D. 223 B. R.A. 9297
C. P.D. 446 D. P.D. 232

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 Review Questions

3. The chemical engineering profession can only work on

unit operations.
A. True B. False
C. Case to case D. I don’t care

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 Review Questions

4. Organization of chemical engineers duly accredited by

the PRC.
A. PIChE B. AICHE
C. JPIA D. PIChES

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 Review Questions

5. A Board of Examiner should be connected with a school

where he/she has pecuniary interest.
A. No answer B. True
C. False D. Maybe

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 Review Questions

6. A foreign chemical engineer can practice chemical

engineering in the Philippines provided he/she is given an
exemption by
A. DFA B. Office or President
C. PRC D. DOST

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 Review Questions

7. It is an act prescribing incentives and guarantees to

investment in the Philippines creating the Board of
Investment, appropriating funds therefore and for other
purposes
A. RA 6136 B. RA 5455
C. RA 2067 D. RA 5186

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 Review Questions

8. According to the “Chemical Engineering Law of 2004” at

least one chemical engineer shall be included in the
personnel of
A. a chemical plant
B. waste treatment facilities
C. transport and distribution of chemicals
D. all of these

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 Review Questions

9. A chemical engineer can do the work of a chemist

A. True
B. False
C. Depends
D. No answer

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 Review Questions

10. To be a chemical engineering board examiner, one

must be at least 30 years of age.
A. False
B. True
C. No answer
D. Case to case

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 R.A. 165

• Patent Law of the Philippines

• An act creating a patent office, prescribing its powers and duties,
regulating the issuance of patents, and appropriating funds
therefor.
Patent – an exclusive right given to an investor over his/her
invention for a limited time. It serves to protect him/her from
uncontrolled competition from parties who had no part to that
invention.

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 Review Questions

1. A chemical engineer who designed and built a new

type of reactor and for three years sold many units to the
public can still patent his/her reactor.
A. Depends B. True
C. False D. I don’t care

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 Review Questions

2. The life of a patent is

A. 12 years
B. 25 years
C. Forever
D. 17 years

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 Review Questions

3. An invention that is for public good could be

developed even without the permission of the inventor
especially if he/she refuses to license the invention for a
reasonable royalty.
A. Case to case
B. True
C. False
D. No answer
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 Review Questions

4. An employee can claim exclusive ownership of an

invention produced during the employment in a company
A. False B. Depends
B. True D. neither True nor False

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 Review Questions

5. R.A. 8293 is the

A. Code of Ethics
B. Intellectual Property Code
C. Food and Drugs
D. Code of Honor

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 • Philippine Clean Air Act of
ENVIRONMENTAL
1999 (RA 8749) LAWS
• Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000 (RA
9003)
• Philippine Clean Water Act of
2016 (RA 9275)
• Toxic Substances and
Hazardous and Nuclear
Wastes (RA 6969)

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• The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a
Philippine Clean Air Act (RA
balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and
harmony of nature. 8749)

“Polluters
must pay”

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Policies of state:
Philippine Clean Air Act
- holistic national program of air pollution management
- cooperation and self-regulation among citizens and industries
- focus on prevention rather control
- promote public information and education
- enforce a system of accountability for short and long-term
environmental impact

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Rights of Citizen:
- Philippine Clean Air Act
right to breath clean air; utilize and enjoy natural resources
- participate, plan, monitor and develop environmental polices
- right to be informed of the nature and extent of potential hazard
of any activity: rise in the level of pollution; the right to bring
action in court all activities in violation of environmental
laws and regulations.
Definition of Terms:
1. Air Pollution – any alteration of the physical, chemical
and biological properties of the atmospheric air . . .
2. Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) – substances that
significantly deplete or otherwise modify the ozone
layer in a manner that is likely to result in adverse
effects of human health and the environment . . .
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Definition of Terms:
3. Philippine Clean Air Act
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) – organic compounds
that persist in the environment, bio-accumulate through the
food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effects to
human health and the environment.
4. Pollution control device – any device or apparatus used to
prevent, control or abate the pollution of air caused by
emissions from identified pollution sources at levels within
the air pollution control standards established by the
Department.
5. Poisonous and toxic fumes – emissions and fumes which are
beyond internationally – accepted standards, including but
not limited to the WHO guideline values.

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1. These are closed compartments that use gravitational force to
Review Questions
extract dust and mist and typically used only for larger particles.
A. Electrostatic precipitator
B. Settling chamber
C. Cyclone devices
D. Wet collectors

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 Review Questions

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• State shall adoptSolid
Ecological a comprehensive
Waste Management
and ecological solid waste
Act (RA 9003)
management program which shall:
• Ensure protection of public health &
environment
• Set guidelines for 3 R
• Ensure proper segregation, collection,
transport, storage, treatment and disposal
of solid waste
• Promote national research and
development programs for improved solid
waste management
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Definition Ecological of Terms: Solid Waste
Management
1. Agricultural waste Act
– generated from planting
of crops, trimming, pruning . . .
or harvesting

2. Bulky waste- waste which cannot be appropriately placed in

separate containers because of . . .
3. Composting – controlled decomposition of organic matter by
micro-organisms, manly bacteria and fungi.
4. Ecological solid waste management – administration of
activities which provide for segregation at source,
transportation, storage, transfer, processing, treatment and
disposal of solid waste. . .
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 Ecological
Definition Solid Waste
of Terms:
5. Management Act
Recycling – refer to the treating of used or waste materials
through a process of making them suitable for beneficial use
and for other purposes.
6. Sanitary landfill – refer to an enforceable sequence of actions or
operations to be accomplished within a stipulated time frame
leading to compliance with a limitation, prohibition, or standard
set forth in this Act or any rule or regulation pursuant thereto.
7. Solid waste – refer to all discarded household, commercial
waste, non-hazardous institutional and industrial waste. . .
8. Special waste – refer to household hazardous wastes such as
paints, thinners, household batteries, lead-acid batteries, spray
canisters and the like.
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 Review Questions

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 Review Questions

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The state shall pursue economic
Philippine Clean
growth in a manner consistent
Water Act (RA
with protection, preservation9275) and
revival of the quality of our fresh,
brackish and marine waters.
- To streamline processes and procedures
in the prevention, control and
abatement of pollution of the country’s
water resources
- Promote environmental strategies for
the protection of water resources
- Formulate an integrated water quality
management
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 Philippine Clean Water Act

Definition of Terms:
1. Aquifer – a layer of water-bearing rock located underground that
transmits water in sufficient quantity.
2. Beneficial use – the use of the environment or any element or segment
thereof conducive to public or private welfare, safety and health;
includes the use of water for domestic, municipal, irrigation, power
generation, fisheries, livestock, raising, industrial, recreational and . . .
3. Contamination – the production of substances not found in the natural
composition of water that make the less desirable or unfit desirable or
unfit for intended use.

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 Philippine Clean Water Act
Definition of Terms:
4. Drinking water – water intended for human consumption or for use in food
preparation.
5. Effluent – discharge from known sources which is passed into a body of water or
land, or wastewater flowing out of a manufacturing plant, industrial plant
including domestic, commercial and recreational activities.
6. Freshwater – water containing less than 500 ppm dissolved common salt, sodium
chloride, such as groundwater, rivers, ponds and lakes.
7. Pollutant – refer to any substance, whether solid, liquid or gaseous or
radioactive, which directly or indirectly (a) alter the quality of water, (b)
hazardous to health, (c) imparts odor, temperature change, etc. and (d) is in
excess of allowable limits.
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 Review Questions

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 Review Questions

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 Toxic restrict
• State to regulate, Substances and Hazardous and
or prohibit the
importation, manufacture,
Nuclear processing,
Wastes sale,(RA 6969)
distribution, use and disposal of chemical
substances and mixtures that present
unreasonable risk and/or injury to health or the
environment; to prohibit the entry, even in
transit, of hazardous and nuclear wastes and
their disposal into the Philippine territorial limits
for whatever purpose.

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 Toxic
Definition Substances and Hazardous
of Terms: and
Nuclear
1. Chemical substance means Wastes
any organic or
inorganic substance of a particular molecular
identity, including: i) Any combination of
such substances occurring in whole or in part
as a result of chemical reaction or occurring
in nature: and ii) Any element or uncombined
chemical.
2. Importation means the entry of a product or
substance into the Philippines (through the
seaports or airports of entry) after having
been properly cleared through or still
remaining under customs control, the
product or substance of which is intended for
direct consumption, merchandising,
warehousing, for further processing.
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 Toxic
Definition Substances
of Terms: and Hazardous and
Nuclear
3. Hazardous substances Wastes
are substances which
present either:
1) short-term acute hazards such as acute toxicity
by ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption,
corrosivity or other skin or eye contact hazard or the
risk of fire or explosion; or
2) long-term environmental hazards, including
chronic toxicity upon repeated exposure,
carcinogenicity (which may in some cases result
from acute exposure but with a long latent period,
resistance to detoxification process such as
biodegradation, the potential to pollute underground
or surface
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 Toxic
Definition Substances
of Terms: and Hazardous and
4. Nuclear wastes are Nuclear Wastes
hazardous wastes
made radioactive by exposure to the
radiation incidental to the production or
utilization of nuclear fuels but does not
include nuclear fuel, or radioisotopes
which have reached the final stage of
fabrication so as to be usable for any
scientific, medical, agricultural,
commercial, or industrial purpose.

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 Review Questions

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 Review Questions

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 Review Questions

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 Global Protocol

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“Ethics has to do with what my
What is Ethics?
feelings tell me is right or wrong.”

“Ethics has to do with my religious

beliefs.”

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“Being ethical is doing what the law
requires.”
What is Ethics
“Ethics consists of the standards of
behavior our society accepts.”

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• Claire is a mechanical engineer
Case Study
working on the design of a new make
of car. The car has passed all of the
legally required safety checks,
nevertheless Claire believes that
there may be a problem with the
transmission, that will only manifest
itself after a few years of use. Claire
has informed her manager, who has
informed her that he does not believe
the issue is severe enough to delay
production until it is fixed. What
should Claire do?

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• Ethics
Ethics
• The study of standards of conduct and
moral judgment; moral philosophy.
• The system or code of morals of a
particular person, religion, group or
profession.

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• Situational Ethics
Theories of Ethics
• Suggests that the ethically right thing to do
depends on the situation
• Consequential Ethics
• Suggests that an action is ethical
depending on the consequences of that
action
• Utilitarian Ethics
• Suggests that the behavior that provides
the most benefit is the ethical behavior

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 Engineering Ethics

“Decisions made by engineers usually have serious

consequences to people - - often to multitudes of people.”

“Ethics and ethical reasoning guide decision-making.”

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 Engineering Ethics

Engineering Ethics course is not about preaching virtue

rather, its objective is to increase your ability as engineers
to responsibly confront moral issues raised by technological
activity.

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 Scope of Engineering Ethics

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• Code of Ethics

-
Code of Ethics
Guides for actions
of a professional in
relation to his
employer, his fellow
professionals and
the public that
he/she serves.

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 Code of Ethics for the Practice of
Chemical Engineering
• Preamble:
• We, the Chemical Engineers of the Philippines,
are bounded by a common commitment to
undertake our duties based on the shared values
of ethical conduct, professional competence,
innovative practice, technical proficiency, social
and civil responsibility, good governance, global
competitiveness and sustainable development.
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 Code of Ethics for the Practice of
Chemical Engineering
1. Fundamental Guiding Principles
• Guided by the highest standard of honors and integrity
• Environment, safety, health and welfare of the public is of
paramount importance
• Uphold ChE dignity; practice confidentiality; acknowledge own
mistake; cooperate and work harmoniously with other
engineers

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 Code of Ethics for the Practice of
Chemical Engineering
2. Relation with Peers

• Exchange general information, encourage

ethical dissemination of knowledge; audit the
work of another chemical engineer
• Not engage in significant use of ideas/work
of another chemical engineer without giving
due credit to the person.
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 Code of Ethics for the Practice of
Chemical Engineering
3. Relation with other Professionals

• Promote our own interest with dignity and

integrity as professionals
• Respect the mandates of other professions
• Avoid making degrading statements or
comments regarding other professions and/or
professionals.
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 Code of Ethics for the Practice of
Chemical Engineering
4. Relation with Employer or Client

• Act in professional matters as faithful agents or

trustees; make every effort to bring attention any
dangerous equipment/structures
• Not accept compensation from other
employer/client.
• Not use unfair or improper means in obtaining
professional work.
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 Code of Ethics for the Practice of
Chemical Engineering
5. Relation with Public

• Express professional opinion only when we are

adequately informed; don’t issue
statements/criticisms on matters of public concern
which are inspired or paid for by private interest
• Endeavour to participate in civic, career guidance for
youths, and advancements of work for environment,
safety, health and welfare of community
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 Code of Ethics for the Practice of
Chemical Engineering
6. Continuing Education

• Endeavour to acquire knowledge of the latest

development in the area od chemical engineering
7. Violations

• Violations shall constitute an unethical or unprofessional

conduct and shall be death under the provisions of RA
9297 and other laws that penalize unprofessional
conduct and actions
8.Effectivity – 15 days following its publication
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 Review Questions

1. A chemical engineer can review the work of another

chemical engineer without his permission for the same
client.
A. True B. False
C. Depends D. No answer

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 Review Questions

2. It is ethical to undervalue ones professional

services compared with others just to get a given contract.
A. False
B. True
C. No answer
D. Maybe

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 Review Questions

3. To publicly criticize the work of another chemical

engineer is unethical
A. No answer B. Depends
C. True D. False

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 Review Questions

4. The New Code of Ethics for the Practice of

Chemical Engineering was approved by the Board of
Chemical Engineering in
A. 2016
B. 2013
C. 2009
D. None of these

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 Review Questions

5. Why should we support the code of ethics?

A. it is our obligation
B. for respectability of profession
C. it hinders engineers to do wrong
D. all of these

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 Review Questions

6. Exchange of information among chemical engineers

are allowed except for confidential information
A. True
B. False
C. Depends
D. No answer

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 Review Questions

7. A chemical engineer must be guided in his

profession and relationship with others by
A. the remuneration he receives
B. his seniority and rank
C. personal interest
D. the highest standard of honor and integrity.

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 Review Questions

8. It is right to compete with another chemical

engineer provided inadequate compensation is made
A. True B. Maybe
C. False D. Depends

LEARNUM REVIEW CENTER 02/25/2025

 Review Questions

9. We shall endeavour to _____ credit to those to whom

credit is properly due.
A. get B. receive
C. give D. all of these

LEARNUM REVIEW CENTER 02/25/2025

 Review Questions

10. The Intellectual Property Code does not apply to the

Chemical Engineering Code of Ethics
A. True B. False
C. Depends D. No answer

LEARNUM REVIEW CENTER 02/25/2025

 THANK YOU and GOD BLESS!

Conduct yourselves honorably,

responsibly, ethically, and lawfully, so
as to enhance the honor, reputation,
and usefulness of the Chemical
Engineering profession
- Anonymous
LEARNUM REVIEW CENTER 02/25/2025