with Ma’am

Liezel
SLIDESMANIA
SLIDESMANIA

Let’s Pray

SLIDESMANIA.C
 3rd Quarter : Living Things and Their
Environment

Evidence of Evolution:
Comparative Anatomy
MELC : Explain how fossil records,
comparative anatomy, and genetic
information provide evidence for
evolution. S10LT - IIIf -39

References:
LAS 3: Biodiversity and Evolution Part C
SLIDESMANIA

and D.
Q3 Module 6: Evidences of Evolution
 Identify the types of fossil. (Trace, Mold,
Cast, Preserved or Carbonization)

1.

MOLD

SLIDESMANIA.C
SLIDESMANIA
 Identify the types of fossil. (Trace,
Mold, Cast, Preserved or
Carbonization)
2.

PRESERVE
D

SLIDESMANIA.C
SLIDESMANIA
 Identify the types of fossil. (Trace,
Mold, Cast, Preserved or
Carbonization)
3.

TRAC
E

SLIDESMANIA.C
SLIDESMANIA
 4. Oldest fossil?

SLIDESMANIA.C
SLIDESMANIA
 5. Youngest fossil?

SLIDESMANIA.C
SLIDESMANIA
 Objectiv
At thees:
end of one hour class, the learners are
expected to:
1. Distinguish homologous structure from analogous
structure;
2. Cite some examples of homologous structures,
analogous structures and vestigial structures
through the activity; and
3. Realize the importance of comparative anatomy as
SLIDESMANIA

one of the evidences of evolution.

 -What can you say about their front
- What are their primary
limbs?
functions?
Human- for picking up and
holding objects

Cat -running, walking,

jumping

Whale -swimming

SLIDESMANIA.C
SLIDESMANIA

Bat- flying and flapping

wings
 SET 1 Notice similarities and differences in the following animals

Hawk Ostrich Chicken

All our birds, they have similar traits like wings,

Similarities: legs and beaks
SLIDESMANIA

Ostriches don’t fly. Hawks are carnivores, ostriches

Differences: are omnivores, and chickens are herbivores.
 SET 2 Notice similarities and differences in the following animals

Chicken Whale Frog

Similarities: All the animals have limbs

These animals use their limbs for different things (e.g.,
SLIDESMANIA

Differences: swimming, walking, and hopping). Chickens and frogs lay

eggs, whereas whales give live birth.
 SET 3 Notice similarities and differences in the following animals
Frog Cat Human

All the animals have limbs, specifically legs that are

Similarities: used for walking
SLIDESMANIA

Humans are bipeds (walk on two legs), whereas

Differences: cats and frogs are quadrupeds (walk on four legs).
 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY

involves the study of the similarities

and differences in the structures of
different species
SLIDESMANIA
 HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES
refer to the body parts of
an organisms that may
perform different functions
but of the same origin.
Examples: forelimbs of human, cat,
whale and bat
The presence of homologous structures is a strong indicator that the
SLIDESMANIA

organisms evolved from common ancestors. This type of evolution is

called DIVERGENT EVOLUTION.
 The presence of homologous structures is a strong indicator that the
organisms evolved from common ancestors. This type of evolution is
called DIVERGENT EVOLUTION.
SLIDESMANIA
 ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES
refer to body parts of an
organism that may
perform the same
function but of
different origin
Examples: Wings of birds, bats, and insects
that have the same function but different in
origin
The presence of analogous structures is a strong indicator that the
SLIDESMANIA

unrelated organisms evolved from different ancestors develop similar

function This type of evolution is called CONVERGENT EVOLUTION.
 The presence of analogous structures is a strong indicator that the
unrelated organisms evolved from different ancestors develop similar
function This type of evolution is called CONVERGENT EVOLUTION.
SLIDESMANIA

bird bat butterfly

 VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES

These are organs which are

developed in an organism but
seems to have no particular
function on it.
SLIDESMANIA
 Think-Pair-Share Activity: AHA! Analogous! Homologous!
Objectives:
• Distinguish homologous structure from analogous structure.
• Explain the relevance of comparative anatomy as an evidence of evolution.
Materials: • paper • pen
Directions: Write in the space provided H if the structures below are homologous and A if they are
analogous.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:

1. 1. Can you say that human,

SLIDESMANIA.C
whale and bat might belong to a
2. common ancestral group? Explain why.

2. Give other examples of homologous

3. structures.
3. Give other examples of analogous
SLIDESMANIA

structures.
4.
 Think-Pair-Share VESTIGIAL: Look What Is Missing?
Compare the cave fish's overall body and the minnow through pictures .
Guide Questions:
1. What is the most apparent
difference between structure
of these two fish?
Cave fish
2. Assume two fish came
from the same original

SLIDESMANIA.C
ancestor. Why might the
cavefish have evolved
without eyesight?
3. Give at least 1 vestigial
SLIDESMANIA

structure found in human.

Minnow
 Think-Pair-Share Activity: AHA! Analogous! Homologous!
Write in the space provided H if the structures below are homologous and A if they are analogous.
Guide Questions:
1. Can you say that human,
whale and bat might belong to a
common ancestral group? Explain why.
1. H
Yes. They have common ancestors
and their structures are homologous

2.
H
2. Give other examples of homologous

SLIDESMANIA.C
structures.
limbs of humans, cats leg, whales flipper,
and bats wing
3. Give other examples of analogous 3.
A
structures.
wings in flying animals like bats, birds,
A
SLIDESMANIA

and insects, to fins in animals like

penguins and fish. 4.
 Think-Pair-Share VESTIGIAL: Look What Is Missing?
Compare the cave fish's overall body and the minnow through pictures .

Guide Questions:
1. What is the most apparent
difference between structure
of these two fish?
Cave fish

SLIDESMANIA.C
The cave fish has no
eyes.
SLIDESMANIA

Minnow
 Think-Pair-Share VESTIGIAL: Look What Is Missing?
Compare the cave fish's overall body and the minnow through pictures .

2. Assume two fish came

from the same original
ancestor. Why might the Cave fish
cavefish have evolved
without eyesight?

SLIDESMANIA.C
Cave fish lives in caves that are
completely devoid of sunlight.
In this environment developing eyes
would not grant any evolutionary
advantage
SLIDESMANIA

Minnow
 Think-Pair-Share VESTIGIAL: Look What Is Missing?

3. Give at least 1 vestigial structure found in human.

Wisdom teeth
Appendix
Muscles for moving the ear

SLIDESMANIA.C
Tailbone
SLIDESMANIA
 Stand up if the statement is TRUE, and SIT
DOWN if it is FALSE based on the comparative
anatomy as evidence for evolution.

TRUE
1.Homologous structures are
structures that are similar in
origin and structure but it serve
as different functions.
SLIDESMANIA
 Stand up if the statement is TRUE, and SIT
DOWN if it is FALSE based on the comparative
anatomy as evidence for evolution.

TRUE
2. The presence of homologous
structures is a strong indicator
that the organisms evolved from
common ancestors.
SLIDESMANIA
 Stand up if the statement is TRUE, and SIT
DOWN if it is FALSE based on the comparative
anatomy as evidence for evolution.

FALSE
3. Structures of unrelated species
may evolve to look alike, because
the structure is adapted to similar
function are called vestigial
SLIDESMANIA

structure.
 Stand up if the statement is TRUE, and SIT
DOWN if it is FALSE based on the comparative
anatomy as evidence for evolution.

TRUE
4. Human’s appendix and pelvic
bones of snakes are examples of
vestigial structure.
SLIDESMANIA
 Stand up if the statement is TRUE, and SIT
DOWN if it is FALSE based on the comparative
anatomy as evidence for evolution.
TRUE
5. Wings of birds, bats, and
insects that have the same
function but different in origin are
examples of analogous
SLIDESMANIA

structure.
 How does comparative anatomy
provide evidence for evolution?
Anatomical similarities indicate that
organisms share a common ancestor. In

SLIDESMANIA.C
other words, these similarities suggest that
bats, hawks, whales, and humans all share a
common ancestor somewhere in their
distant past.
SLIDESMANIA
 EVIDENCE OF
EVOLUTION
COMPARATIVE
ANATOMY
HOMOLOGOUS VESTIGIAL
STRUCTURE STRUCTURE
ANALOGOUS
structures that
STRUCTURE

SLIDESMANIA.C
refer to the body which are
parts of an developed in an
refer to body parts
organisms that may organism but seems
of an organism that
perform different to have no
may perform the
functions but of the particular function
same function but
SLIDESMANIA

same origin. on it.

of different origin.
 HOMOLOGOUS OR
ANALOGOUS
SIT DOWN and form letter A using your arms if your answer is Analogous
structure, STAND UP AND SHAKE YOUR HIPS if your answer is
Homologous structure.

Insect (Ant) leg

ANALOGOUS
STRUCTURE
SLIDESMANIA

Horse leg
 HOMOLOGOUS OR
ANALOGOUS
SIT DOWN and form letter A using your arms if your answer is Analogous
structure, STAND UP AND SHAKE YOUR HIPS if your answer is
Homologous structure.

HOMOLOGOUS
STRUCTURE
SLIDESMANIA
 HOMOLOGOUS OR
ANALOGOUS
SIT DOWN and form letter A using your arms if your answer is Analogous
structure, STAND UP AND SHAKE YOUR HIPS if your answer is
Homologous structure.

insect (cicada) wing ANALOGOUS

STRUCTURE
SLIDESMANIA

bird (chicken) wing

 HOMOLOGOUS OR
ANALOGOUS
SIT DOWN and form letter A using your arms if your answer is Analogous
structure, STAND UP AND SHAKE YOUR HIPS if your answer is
Homologous structure.

HOMOLOGOUS
human
cheetah STRUCTURE
SLIDESMANIA
 HOMOLOGOUS OR
ANALOGOUS
SIT DOWN and form letter A using your arms if your answer is Analogous
structure, STAND UP AND SHAKE YOUR HIPS if your answer is
Homologous structure.

fish (sculpin) fin

ANALOGOUS
STRUCTURE
dolphin flipper
SLIDESMANIA
 Assignm
ent
Observe pictures of fossilized remains of two prehistoric organisms—
Ambulocetus,and Pakicetus. Then make a claim about the relationship
among these organisms. Use comparative anatomy to identify evidence from
your observations (data) to describe how these organisms are related as
evidence for evolution.

Ambulocetus Pakicetus
SLIDESMANIA
SLIDESMANIA

you!
Thank

SLIDESMANIA.C