ÁCIDOS 1102

CARBOXÍLI
COS
• Maria Angelica Chapeta
Chacón
• Oriana Jasbleidy Gómez
Sánchez
• Paula Valentina Gutiérrez
González
 ÁCIDOS
Un acidoCARBOXÍLICOS
carboxílico es un grupo funcional
formado por un grupo carbonilo (C=O) MÁS un
grupo hidroxilo (OH). Unida a una a un
hidrogeno o cadena carbonada R).

R
OH
 FÓRMULA GENERAL
-Los derivados de los ácidos carboxílicos
tienen como formula general:

R-
 NOMENCLATURA
• Para nombrar a los ácidos carboxílicos debemos
tener en cuenta:

1. Cuando forman grupos lineales ácido-oico

2. Cuando se forman grupos cíclicos acido-
carboxílico
 CLASIFICACIÓ
Nel primer caso, la molécula contiene tan
Los ácidos carboxílicos pueden ser: mono, di, tri o poli
carboxílicos. En
solo un grupo carboxilo y se nombran así
Ácido + Hidrocarburo de referencia + "-oico" En este
grupo tenemos:

CH3-COOH

ÁCIDO
ACÉTICO
(ACIDO ETANOICO)
 ÁCIDO
LÁCTICO

ÁCIDO
BENZOIC
O
(ESTE ES UN ÁCIDO
CON RADICAL
AROMÁTICO)
 ÁCIDO
METANOICO
(ACIDO FÓRMICO)
Los ácidos dicarboxílicos contienen dos grupos carboxilos,
se nombran así Ácido + Hidrocarburo de
referencia + "-dioico" y su fórmula general es HOOC-
(CH2)n –COOH.
En este grupo tenemos:

ÁCIDO
OXÁLICO
HOOC-COOH

Acido etanodioico

Enlace simple
 ÁCIDO
MALÓNICO

C3H4O4
1 2 3

HOOC-CH2-COOH
Ácido propanodioico
 ÁCIDO
TEREFTÁLICO

C 8H 6O 4

COOH
1
6 2

Ácido benceno-1,4-dicarboxilico
5 3
4

COOH
 • Los ácidos tricarboxílicos, poseen tres grupos
carboxilos y se nombran asi Ácido + Hidrocarburo de
referencia + "-tricarboxílico"

1 2 3

Ácido 2-hidroxi-1,2,3-propanotricarboxilico
Ácido isocítrico
Por ultimo, los ácidos policarboxilicos poseen
cuatro o más grupos carboxilos:
EJERCICIOS:
• CH3CH2COOH

• CH3-CH-COOH
I
COOH

• -COOH
 PROPIEDADES
FÍSICAS
• SOLUBILIDAD:

El grupo carboxilo –COOH confiere carácter

polar a los ácidos y permite la formación de
puentes de hidrógeno entre la molécula de ácido
carboxílico y la molécula de agua.
PROPIEDADES
FÍSICAS
Por ultimo, los ácidos policarboxilicos poseen
cuatro o más grupos carboxilos:
Por ultimo, los ácidos policarboxilicos poseen
cuatro o más grupos carboxilos:
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 Table of contents
01 02
ABOUT IT TYPES
You can describe the You can describe the
topic of the section topic of the section
here here

04 05
BALANCING LAB
You can describe the You can describe the
topic of the section topic of the section
here here
 01
Chemical
reactions
You can enter a subtitle here if
you need it
The slide title
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Types of chemical equations

WORD FORMULA
Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful
planet to the Sun and the name and is the second
smallest one in the Solar planet from the Sun
System
 These are three ideas

MERCURY VENUS MARS

It’s the closest planet Venus has a beautiful Despite being red, Mars
to the Sun and the name and is the second is actually a cold place.
smallest in the Solar planet from the Sun It’s full of iron oxide
System dust
 02
Types of
chemical
reactions
You can enter a subtitle here if
you need it
You can use four columns if you
want

MARS NEPTUNE
Mars is actually a It’s the farthest
very cold place planet from the Sun

JUPITER SATURN
It’s the biggest Saturn is a gas giant
planet in the Solar and has several
System rings
Sometimes, reviewing concepts
is a good idea
MARS VENUS NEPTUNE
Venus has
Mars is actually a Neptune is very far
extremely high
very cold place from the Sun
temperatures

MERCURY SATURN JUPITER

Jupiter is the
It’s the closest Saturn is the only
biggest planet of
planet to the Sun planet with rings
them all
Awesom
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“This is a quote. Words full of
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4,498,300,00
0
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
 24h 37m 23s
is Jupiter's rotation period

333,000,000
Earths is the Sun’s mass

386,000 km
is the distance between Earth and the Moon
 Let’s use some percentages

25 50 75
%
MERCURY %
VENUS %
MARS
It’s the closest planet to Venus has a beautiful Despite being red, Mars
the Sun and the smallest name and is the second is actually a cold place.
in the Solar System planet from the Sun It’s full of iron oxide dust
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Nationality of the greats of
chemistry
VENUS
It has a beautiful
name, but it’s terribly
hot
MERCURY
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun

MARS
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
 Chemistry timeline:
Contributions
Mercury is the Despite being red,
smallest planet of mars is very cold
them all
PRIESTLY DALTON
1774 1743 1803 1897
LAVOISIE THOMSO
Venus hasRextremely Jupiter is N
the biggest
high temperatures planet of them all
 Infographics make your idea
understandable…
MARS VENUS
Mars is actually a Venus has
very cold place extremely high
temperatures

MERCURY SATURN
It’s the closest Saturn is the only
planet to the Sun planet with rings
…and the same goes for tables

MERCURY 0.06 0.38 0.38

MARS 0.11 0.53 0.38

SATURN 95.2 9.4 1.16

Describing chemical reactions
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one
in the Solar System—it’s only a bit larger than the Moon

REACTANTS PRODUCTS
Jupiter is a gas giant, it Despite being red, Mars is
doesn’t have a solid surface. actually a cold place. It’s full
It is the biggest planet of of iron oxide dust
them all
 Reaction profiles & enthalpy
change
Reactants
Potential energy

Enthalpy
Mercury is the
smallest planet

Products = H p-
Hr
Reaction pathway

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here.
For more info, click here
Balancing chemical reactions
Step
1
Mercury is the CH4 CI2 CCI HCI
closest planet to
the Sun. It’s very 4
small
Step CH4 4 CI2 CCI 4 HCI
2
Despite being red,
Mars is actually a 4
cold place
C-1 C-1
Step
H-4 H-1 H-4
3
Earth is the
beautiful planet Cl- Cl-
where we all live Cl-2 Cl-8
5 8
 Types of chemical reactions
Synthesis

Decomposition

Single replacement

Double replacement
Lab: Rating chemical reactions I
Is mercury the smallest planet in
Question the entire Solar System?

Hypothesi Mercury is the closest planet to

the Sun and the smallest of them
s all

Material
Preparation
s
● Mercury ● Despite being red, Mars is
● Mars actually a cold place
● Neptune ● Neptune is the farthest
● Saturn planet from the Sun
● Jupiter ● Jupiter is the biggest planet
● Venus of them all
Lab: Rating chemical reactions II
Data and observations:
Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings. It's composed
mostly of hydrogen and helium. It was named after the
Roman god of wealth and agriculture

Conclusion
:
Despite being red, Mars is a surprisingly cold planet. Its
color is due to the presence of iron oxide dust clouds
Special symbols often used in
chemical equations
Mercury is the closest
SOLID (s) planet to the Sun
Jupiter is the biggest
LIQUID (l) planet of them all
Venus is the second planet
GAS (g) from the Sun
Neptune is the farthest
AQUEOUS (aq) planet from the Sun

Example: C H4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) C O2 (g) + 2 H2O(l)

 Chemical reactions

Endothermic Exothermic Equations

Mercury is the Despite being
closest planet red, Mars is
to the Sun and actually a cold
the smallest place. It's full of Words
Chemica
one in the Solar iron oxide dust, and
System—it’s which gives the l symbol
signs
only a bit larger planet its
than the Moon reddish cast Mars is a Mercury is a
cold place small planet
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