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Inheritance Protein Synthesis

This document covers the topic of inheritance in biology, focusing on the structure and function of DNA, genes, and chromosomes. It explains how genetic information is passed from parents to offspring, the significance of DNA in protein synthesis, and the inheritance of sex in humans. Key concepts include the definitions of genes and alleles, the role of mRNA in protein production, and the distinction between haploid and diploid nuclei.

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2 views

Inheritance Protein Synthesis

This document covers the topic of inheritance in biology, focusing on the structure and function of DNA, genes, and chromosomes. It explains how genetic information is passed from parents to offspring, the significance of DNA in protein synthesis, and the inheritance of sex in humans. Key concepts include the definitions of genes and alleles, the role of mRNA in protein production, and the distinction between haploid and diploid nuclei.

Uploaded by

arnavnaper
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grade: 10 IGCSE

Subject: Biology
Chapter: Inheritance
Topic: Inheritance

 LO: Students will be able to:-

• State that chromosomes are made of DNA,


which contains genetic information in the form
of genes
• Define a gene as a length of DNA that codes for a
protein
• Define an allele as an alternative form of a gene
• Describe the inheritance of sex in humans with
reference to X and Y chromosomes
Topic: Inheritance
 LO: Students will be able to:-

• State that the sequence of bases in a gene


determines the sequence of amino acids used to
make a specific protein (knowledge of the details
of nucleotide structure is not required)
• Explain that different sequences of amino acids
give different shapes to protein molecules
• Explain that DNA controls cell function by
controlling the production of proteins
• Explain how a protein is made
Define the following terms: RECALL

REVEAL THE ANSWER BY


REMOVING THE BOX
Genes are on Chromosomes
The nucleus of every cell contains
DNA.

The DNA is organized in genes and


the genes are located on
Chromosomes.

The best way to think about it is like


a library….

video press
LIBRARY Nucleus
Chromosome
Books (23 pairs)
Gene
Chapters (makes one protein)
Group of 3 letters
Words Triplet Codon

DNA letters
Letters (A, C, T, G)
DNA-linked to inheritance
• The nucleus of every cell contains chromosomes. Each
chromosome is a long thread of a chemical called DNA.

• DNA carries information that is passed on from parents


to offspring, in the nuclei of the male and female
gametes. Passing on DNA from one generation to the
next is called inheritance.

• Each thread of DNA is made up of many genes. Each


gene contains information for making a particular
protein.
Significance of DNA
• The information carried in DNA is in the form of a code- genetic code.
• Each DNA molecule is made up of smaller molecules called bases.
• The code is made up of four bases, A,T,C,G. The sequence in which
these bases are arranged in the DNA determines which proteins will
be made in the cell.
• Proteins are made of amino acids. Sequence of amino acids in a
protein determines its structure and hence its function.

26/02/2025
CLOSER LOOK AT THE DNA
STRUCTURE
Inheritance of sex in humans

26/02/2025
Inheritance of
sex
When is the sex (gender) of the baby decided?
At the time of fertilization when a sperm fuses with an egg cell.
What are chances of having a male or female child- let us see

Phenotype : male parent female parent

Genotype XY XX

Gametes X Y X X

Fertilization : (egg nuclei & sperm nuclei fuse)


Punnett square :

X Y
Offspring genotype: XX XX XY XY
X XX XY Offspring phenotype: F F M M

X XX XY Ratio: 1: 1
50 % chance for each
Protein
•
synthesis
the gene coding for the protein remains in the
nucleus
• messenger RNA (mRNA) is a copy of a gene
• mRNA molecules are made in the nucleus and
move to the cytoplasm
• the mRNA passes through ribosomes
• the ribosome assembles amino acids into protein
molecules
• the specific sequence of amino acids is determined
by the sequence of bases in the mRNA
Watch this
video !!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gG7uCskUOrA
Topic: Inheritance
• Most body cells in an organism
contain the same genes, but many genes in a
particular cell are not expressed because the cell
only makes the specific proteins it needs
• A haploid nucleus is a nucleus
containing a single set of chromosomes
• A diploid nucleus is a nucleus containing
two sets of chromosomes
• In a diploid cell, there is a pair of each
type of chromosome and in a human diploid cell
there are 23 pairs

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