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Volcanic Landforms and Eruption Styles

The document provides an overview of volcanic landforms and eruption styles, detailing the parts of a volcano such as the crater, vent, lava, magma, ash, and ash cloud. It describes various types of volcanic eruptions, including Icelandic, Hawaiian, Strombolian, Pelean, Vulcanian, and Plinian eruptions, highlighting their characteristics and behaviors. Each eruption type is associated with different volcanic activities and formations resulting from the expulsion of magma, gases, and ash.

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2 views19 pages

Volcanic Landforms and Eruption Styles

The document provides an overview of volcanic landforms and eruption styles, detailing the parts of a volcano such as the crater, vent, lava, magma, ash, and ash cloud. It describes various types of volcanic eruptions, including Icelandic, Hawaiian, Strombolian, Pelean, Vulcanian, and Plinian eruptions, highlighting their characteristics and behaviors. Each eruption type is associated with different volcanic activities and formations resulting from the expulsion of magma, gases, and ash.

Uploaded by

lavadorcathlyngwapa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Volcanic

canic landformsand
landforms and eruption sty
----------
eruption styles
PARTS OF A
VOLCANO

Crater – mouth of a volcano that


surrounds the vent. It is also a roughly circular
depression in the ground caused
by volcanic activity.
PARTS OF A
VOLCANO

Vent – An opening in the volcano


from where the lava comes out.
PARTS OF A
VOLCANO

Lava – molten rock which erupts


from a volcano (tunaw na bato sa
labas ng bulkan).
PARTS OF A
VOLCANO

Magma – hot fluid or semifluid material


below or within the earth’s crust from which
lava and other igneous rock is formed by
cooling. (tunaw na bato pero nasa ilalim pa ng
lupa)
PARTS OF A
VOLCANO

Ash – small parts of lava or rocks


which are shot in the air by
explosion.
PARTS OF A
VOLCANO

Ash Cloud – a cloud of ash


formed by volcanic explosions
PARTS OF A
VOLCANO

Sill – a flat piece of rock which forms


by the hardening of magma in a crack
in a volcano
PARTS OF A
VOLCANO

Laccolith - a type of igneous intrusion,


formed when magma forces its way
upwards through the Earth's crust but
cools and solidifies before reaching the
PARTS OF A
VOLCANO

Parasitic cone –on the flank of the volcano.


A parasitic cone (also adventive cone or
satellitecone) is the cone-shaped
accumulation of volcanic material not part of
the central vent of a volcano. It forms from
Types of volcanic eruption

A volcanic eruption is a natural event in which molten


rock (magma), gases, and ash are expelled from a volcano
due to the buildup of pressure beneath the Earth's surface,
often resulting in lava flows, explosive blasts, and the formation
of new geological features.
Types of volcanic eruption

The Icelandic type is characterized


by effusions of molten basaltic lava that flow
from long, parallel fissures. Such outpourings
often build lava plateaus. The Hawaiian type
is similar to the Icelandic variety.
Types of volcanic eruption

Hawaiian-style eruptions are non-explosive


eruptions of gusher-like lava fountains (“fire
fountains” or “curtains of fire”) that generate red-
hot lava rivers of very fluid basaltic lavas.
Hawaiian eruptions are typical for shield
volcanoes, where eruptions take place both at the
Types of volcanic eruption

Strombolian eruptions are moderately


explosive eruptions of basaltic magma with
moderate gas content. Strombolian eruptions
consist of intermittent, discrete explosive bursts
which eject pyroclasts as high as hundreds of feet
Types of volcanic eruption

Pelean eruption is associated


with explosive outbursts that
generate pyroclastic flows, dense
mixtures of hot volcanic fragments
and gas.
Types of volcanic eruption

A Vulcanian eruption is a type of


volcanic eruption characterized by
a dense cloud of ash-laden gas
exploding from the crater and rising
Types of volcanic eruption

Plinian eruptions are extremely


explosive eruptions, producing ash
columns that extend many tens of
miles into the stratosphere and that
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