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Impulse and Momentum

The document covers the concepts of impulse and momentum, explaining their definitions, relationships, and applications in real-world scenarios. It includes examples and problems related to calculating impulse and momentum, emphasizing their importance in understanding motion and forces. The document also provides various activities and sample problems for practical application of the concepts discussed.

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Renzie Love Tiberio
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20 views21 pages

Impulse and Momentum

The document covers the concepts of impulse and momentum, explaining their definitions, relationships, and applications in real-world scenarios. It includes examples and problems related to calculating impulse and momentum, emphasizing their importance in understanding motion and forces. The document also provides various activities and sample problems for practical application of the concepts discussed.

Uploaded by

Renzie Love Tiberio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Impulse

and
Momentum
WEEK 3 QUARTER 4
RLNT
OBJECTIVE
S
• Understand concepts kinetics of particles:
impulse and momentum
o Explain concepts of impulse and momentum
o Describe impulsive motion
o Solve problems regarding impulse and momentum
Applications
How does a karate expert chop through cement blocks with a bare
hand?
Why does a fall onto a wooden floor hurt less than onto a cement
floor?
Why do people in larger vehicles usually end up with fewer injuries in
accidents?

It’s easy to come up with answers like…


“The karate guy is strong!”
“Wood is softer!”
“Bigger is better!”

but have you ever stopped to consider the why?


That’s when physics comes walking in, waving explanations in
everyone’s face.
Momentum
• Momentum is a vector quantity
• Momentum can be defined as "mass in motion."
All objects have mass; so if an object is moving,
then it has momentum
• Momentum depends upon the variables mass
and velocity
• Momentum = mass * velocity
• p=m*v
• where m = mass and v=velocity
Impulse
• The simple definition for impulse is that it is a
change in momentum.
• If an object’s velocity changes, there is a change
in momentum, so there must be an impulse
• We assume that you are not going to change the
mass of an object.
m ent u m?
d m o
i m pu lse an
be t w een
l a t i o n s h ip
s t he r e
W h at i l y a force
to ap p
i t i s n e cessary of time
bj e c t, pe r i od
to p su c h an o f or a given
To s s motio n
i n s t i t
aga
e
A box of tic tacs (15g) is sliding along the table at
5.0m/s. I try to stop it, but only slow it down to
1.6 m/s. Determine the impulse I impart to the
box.

The negative sign just identifies that


my impulse was in the negative
direction. Momentum was taken
away from the object.
Impulsive motion
2nd Law of motion

Force is proportional to the


rate
of change in the momentum

We know that

So that
sample
A 75kg man is involved in a car accident. He was
initially traveling at 65km/h when he hit a large
truck.

If he had no airbag in his car and he came to rest


against the steering wheel in 0.05s, determine
how much force was exerted on his body.
Sample
1
A particle of 50kg mass is moving on an inclined
rough surface for which the coefficient of kinetic
friction is 0.4 with an initial velocity 2 m/s. If the
particle is acted upon by a force given by F=470N,
determine the velocity of the particle after 2
seconds.
Summary
• the impulse experienced by an object is the
force*time
• the momentum change of an object is the
mass*velocity change
• the impulse equals the momentum change
ACTIVITY 4
1. A 400 kg jet dragster’s engine produces 5500 N of
thrust. If the dragster starts from rest, how fast will it
be moving after 1.5 s?
2. A loaded barge has a mass of 1 500 000 kg and is
traveling at 3 kg m/s. If a tugboat applies an opposing
force what is its final velocity?
3. An Airbus A380 airliner lands at 30 m/s. Partially
loaded, its mass is 480 000 kg. How much thrust did
the engines apply?
4. A stevedore slides a crate along a dock with a 500
kg horizontal. If started from rest, what is the crate’s
final velocity after 5 kgm/s?
5. A rocket sled accelerates to 50 m/s. When the
rocket engine stops, the sled skids along its rails. If
the coefficient of friction is 0.5 kg, find the momentum
of the sled.
while a 15,000 kg truck is traveling at 20 m/s.
Which has the greater momentum? 2. A 300
kg snowmobile is traveling at 30 m/s. How
fast would a 200 kg snowmobile need to travel
to have the same momentum? 3. A loaded
delivery truck has a mass of 5000 kg and is
moving at 8 m/s. The truck is unloaded and
travels at 12 m/s. If the truck has the same
momentum in each case, what is the mass of
the empt y truck? 4. A force of 4 N is applied
to a ball for 0.75 s. What is the impulse? 5. A
car pulls a trailer with a force of 250 N. If the
total impulse is 900 000 N*s, for how long is
the force applied?
6. A model jet rocket applies an impulse of 20 N*s
over 3 s interval of time. What is the force applied?
7. A 3 kg rock is subject to the force of gravity for 8
s. What is the impulse?
8. A group of people are pushing a stalled car with
a mass of 1100 kg. If they push with a net force of
10 kg m/seconds, what is the car’s final velocity?
9. A 40 g superball strikes a wall with a velocity of
10 m/s that is normal to the wall. What is the ball’s
change in momentum?
10. A 0.105 kg hockey puck is traveling at 12 m/s
when it is struck by a stick. what was the force?

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