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Physical Science_q4_l4_newton’s Law of Inertia vs (1)

The document discusses the distinction between Galileo's assertion on horizontal motion and Newton's first law of motion, focusing on the concept of inertia. Galileo proposed that an object in motion would continue to move at a constant velocity in the absence of friction, while Newton defined force and its relationship to motion. The key difference lies in Newton's formalization of force, which Galileo did not fully understand.

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25 views17 pages

Physical Science_q4_l4_newton’s Law of Inertia vs (1)

The document discusses the distinction between Galileo's assertion on horizontal motion and Newton's first law of motion, focusing on the concept of inertia. Galileo proposed that an object in motion would continue to move at a constant velocity in the absence of friction, while Newton defined force and its relationship to motion. The key difference lies in Newton's formalization of force, which Galileo did not fully understand.

Uploaded by

shannen.querol
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Newton’s Law of

Inertia vs. Galileo’s


Assertion on
Horizontal Motion
JAZZREL JUN R. PALCONE, LPT
MELCS

Explain the subtle distinction


between Newton’s 1st Law of
Motion (or Law of Inertia) and
Galileo’s assertion that force is
not necessary to sustain
horizontal motion
OBJECTIVES:
 Define what is inertia.
Differentiate between
Galileo’s assertion and
Newton’s first law of
motion.
Reflects the importance of
force in the real – life.
Who was Galileo Galilei? What were his
contributions to the concept of inertia?

 Galileo Galilei was an Italian


scientist who first explained the
concept of inertia. He observed that
when a ball rolls down an inclined
plane, its speed increases; and when it
rolls upwards, its speed decreases.
This change in speed was due to
gravity.
Question

Aball rolling on the floor is not


moving with or against gravity, so
what would happen to its speed?
Answer
 Galileo thought that the ball rolling on a floor would remain
moving with constant velocity if the friction between the floor
and ball would be removed.
 Galileo tested his theory in an experiment using two inclined
planes.
 When the ball was rolled from one inclined plane to the next,
it almost reached the height from which it was released as
shown in Figure A. If the steepness of the second inclined
plane is decreased, the ball would still reach the same height
from the point it was released as shown in Figure B. Finally,
he then removed the second inclined plane and watched the
ball as shown in Figure C. He observed the ball and made his
conclusion: the ball would continue to move in a straight
line with constant speed.
 Galileo asserted that if friction was absent, the ball
would continue to move with constant velocity. It
would continue its state of motion unless a push or
a pull compels it to change that state. Galileo called
this tendency of materials to resist change in their
state of motion as inertia.
 Inertia, a property of matter by which it continues in its
existing state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line,
unless that state is changed by an external force.
 His assertion was the inspiration for Newton’s
1st law of motion. They both implied that no force
is needed to keep the motion of an object and the
object’s inertia would keep it from changing its
state of motion.
Is there a difference between Galileo’s
assertion and Newton’s first law of
motion?
 There is a subtle difference. The
difference lies in the concept of force.
Galileo knew about friction but did not
know about the concept of force. He
used the term 'push and pull' to
signify forces. It was Sir Isaac
Newton who defined the concept of
force and its relation to motion.
Activity 1: Conduct a research about the given
question, then write your findings in ½
lengthwise. ( minimum of 100 words)

Since there is no gravity in space,


will it be easier to lift a sack of
rice in space compared here on
earth? What does the law of
inertia and Galileo’s assertion tell
us about this?
KEY POINTS
• The concept of inertia was a result of Galileo’s studies
of motion.
• Inertia refers to the tendency of any material to
change its state of motion.
• Galileo asserted that if a rolling ball was ‘left alone’ it
will continue to move with constant velocity.
• The only difference between Galileo’s assertion and
Newton’s first law of motion is the concept of force.
• Galileo did not know yet the concept of force, and it
was Newton who finally explains the nature of forces.
POST TEST
4.4
1. What property of matter
tends to resists a change in an
object’s state of motion?
• A. mass
• B. volume
• C. inertia
• D. force
Who was the scientist who
first explained the concept of
inertia?
• A. Galileo Galilei
• B. Sir Isaac Newton
• C. Nicolas Copernicus
• D. Aristotle
 3. Which of the following is Galileo’s
assertion on horizontal motion?
• A. No force is needed to start the
motion of an object.
• B. No force is required to decrease or
increase the motion of an object.
• C. When an object is left alone, it will
continue to move with constant velocity.
• D. The inertia of an object will keep the
object moving with constant velocity.
 4. What is the difference between Galileo’s
assertion of horizontal motion and Newton’s
1st law of motion?
• A. Newton’s inertia is based on mass, while
Galileo’s inertia is based on weight.
• B. Newton’s 1st law emphasizes that a force
is required to keep the motion of the object.
• C. Galileo did not use the concept of force in
his assertions but only used 'push or pull'.
• D. Galileo asserted that a force is needed to
keep the motion of the object.
When a ball rolls on the floor, it
will eventually stop.
5. What force causes the ball to
stop?
• A. weight
• B. inertia
• C. gravity
• D. friction

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