Module 02 Data Science Completed (1)

The document outlines various aspects of Biomedical Image Analysis, including imaging modalities, object detection, image segmentation, and feature extraction. It discusses the importance of these techniques in healthcare data analysis, the challenges faced, and methods for genomic data analysis for personalized medicine. Additionally, it provides examination questions related to the topics covered.

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Module 02 Data Science Completed (1)

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riddhipatil.17092004

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Module -02:Biomedical Image Analysis

1:Biomedical image Modalities

2:Object Detection
3: Image Segmentation
4:Image Registration
5: Feature Extraction
6:Mining of Sensor data in healthcare
7:Challenges in Healthcare Data Analysis
8:Bimdedical Signal Analysis
9:Genomic data Analysis for Personalized Medicine
1: Biomedical Image Modalities

1: The imaging modalities used in biology and

medicine are based on a variety of energy
sources, including light, electrons, lasers, X-
rays, radionuclides, ultrasound and nuclear
magnetic resonance.
2:The images produced span orders of
magnitude in scale, ranging from molecules
and cells to organ systems and the full body.
2:Object Detection

1:Object detection is a computer technology

related to computer vision and image processing
that deals with detecting instances of semantic
objects of a certain class in digital images and
videos. Well-researched domains of object
detection include face detection and pedestrian
detection
2: Biomedical imaging involves the complex chain
of acquiring, processing, and visualizing,
3: structural or functional images of living objects
or systems, including extraction and processing of
image-related information.
3: Image Segmentation
1: In digital image processing and
computer vision, image segmentation is
the process of partitioning a digital image
into multiple image segments, also known
as image regions or image objects.
2: Image segmentation is one of the key
computer vision tasks, It separates objects,
boundaries, or structures within the image
for more meaningful analysis.
3:Image segmentation plays an important
role in extracting meaningful information
from images, enabling computers to
perceive and understand visual data in a
manner that humans understand, view,
and perceive.
4:Image Registration

1: Medical Image Registration tries to find an

optimal spatial transformation that best aligns
with the existing anatomical structures.
2: It is used in many clinical applications such
as image reconstruction, image guidance,
motion tracking, segmentation, dose
accumulation, etc.
3:: Image registration is the process of
transforming different sets of data into one
coordinate system.
4:Data may be multiple photographs, data from
different sensors, times, depths, or viewpoints.
1: Transformation in Computer Graphics is utilized to modify the position, orientation,
or size of objects within a graphical scene.
2: By employing mathematical operations, vertices or points in a 3D or 2D space are
manipulated to achieve the desired changes.
3: The fundamental geometrical 2d Transformation in Computer Graphics include:
Rotation
Translation
Scaling
4: The derived geometrical 2d Transformation in Computer Graphics are:
Reflection
Shearing
5: Feature Extraction
1: Feature extraction refers to the process of transforming raw data into numerical
features that can be processed while preserving the information in the original
data set.
2:It yields better results than applying machine learning directly to the raw data.
3: Feature extraction is a process used in machine learning to reduce the number
of resources needed for processing without losing important or relevant
information.
4: Feature extraction helps in the reduction of the dimensionality of data which is
needed to process the data effectively.
5:In other words, feature extraction involves creating new features that still
capture the essential information from the original data but in a more efficient way.
6: When dealing with large datasets, especially in domains like image processing,
natural language processing, or signal processing, it's common to have data with
numerous features, many of which may be irrelevant or redundant.
7: Feature extraction allows for the simplification of the data which helps
algorithms to run faster and more effectively.
There are several methods of feature extraction, and the choice of method depends on the type
of data and the desired outcome. Some common methods include:
Methods Of Feature Extraction

1: Principal Component Analysis (PCA):

PCA is a statistical method that transforms the data into a new coordinate system, where the
greatest variance by some projection of the data comes to lie on the first coordinate (called the
first principal component), the second greatest variance on the second coordinate, and so on.

2:: Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA):

LDA is used to find the linear combinations of features that best separate two or more classes of
objects or events.
3:: Autoencoders: Autoencoders are a type of neural network that is trained to attempt to copy
its input to its output. During training, the network learns to represent the input as a
compressed form, which can be used as features for another task.
4:: t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE):
5:: t-SNE is a non-linear technique for dimensionality reduction that is particularly well suited for
embedding high-dimensional data into a space of two or three dimensions, which can then be
visualized in a scatter plot.
6:: Independent Component Analysis (ICA): ICA is a computational method for separating a
multivariate signal into additive subcomponents that are maximally independent.
6:mining of Sensor Data in Healthcare
1:to extract information from the low
level sensor data and bridge them to the
high level knowledge representation.
7:challenges In Healthcare Data Analysis
1: The different components of a dataset exist in
multiple walled-off systems or in different
formats, it may not be possible to generate a
complete portrait of an organization's status or
an individual patient's health.
2: Even if data live in a common warehouse,
standardization and quality can be lacking.
3: Big data analytics in healthcare comes with
many challenges,
a. including security,

b. visualization, and a number of data integrity

concerns.
8:bimdedical Signal Analysis
1: Biomedical signals are collected from a body that can be at the organ
level, cell level, or molecular level. 2:There are different biomedical signals
including the electroencephalogram (EEG), which is the electrical activity
from the brain; the electrocardiogram (ECG), which is the electrical activity
from the heart;
3:the electromyogram (EMG), which is the electrical activity from the muscle
sound signal
9:genomic Data Analysis For Personalized Medicine
1: Advanced techniques to analyze
genomic data
2: How to structure, annotate,
normalize, and interpret genome-
scale assays

3: How to bridge diverse genomic

assay and annotation structures to
data analysis and research
presentations via innovative
approaches to computing

4: How to analyze data from several

experimental protocols, using open
source software, including R and
Bioconductor
Examination Question
Note: 2- Marks [2-Point and Figure]
5- Marks [5- Point .Figure , Figure Explanation , Etc.

Q1: Define Biomedical image Modalities-------------------------------2-Marks

Q2:Explain Object Detection ----------------------------------2-Marks
Q3: Define Image Segmentation and type------------------------------5-Marks
Q4:explain Image Registration with Example---------------------------------5-Marks
Q5: Define Feature Extraction-----------------------------2-Marks
Q6: Explain Mining of Sensor data in healthcare--------------2-Marks.
Q7:Challenges in Healthcare Data Analysis with example--------------5-Marks
Q8: Define Biomedical Signal Analysis -----------------------------------2-Marks
Q9:Explain Genomic data Analysis for Personalized Medicine with Figure---------5-Marks