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Session 1_ SIMS_calc_15thJuly -after session

The document provides an introduction to calculus, explaining its significance in various fields such as physics and economics, and outlines the two main types: differential and integral calculus. It discusses the concept of functions, their graphs, and classifications including constant, identity, and piece-wise defined functions. Additionally, it covers the terminology related to functions, such as injective, surjective, and bijective functions.

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12 views

Session 1_ SIMS_calc_15thJuly -after session

The document provides an introduction to calculus, explaining its significance in various fields such as physics and economics, and outlines the two main types: differential and integral calculus. It discusses the concept of functions, their graphs, and classifications including constant, identity, and piece-wise defined functions. Additionally, it covers the terminology related to functions, such as injective, surjective, and bijective functions.

Uploaded by

Everything is Here
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SEWI ZC131

CALCULUS
BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

Contact Session 1: Functions


15th /16th July 2023
Content
Introduction

• Calculus is a branch of Mathematics. It was developed by Sir Isaac


Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.
• It deals with the study of the rate of change.
• Calculus is helps us to understand the changes between the values which
are related by a function.
• In physics, for example, calculus is used to help define, explain and
calculate motion, electricity, heat, light, harmonics, acoustics, astronomy,
and dynamics.
• It also helps economists to predict how much profit a company or
industry can make.
• Calculus mainly focus on some important topics such as differentiation,
integration, limits, functions, and so on.

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Basic calculus is the study of the two different types of calculus –

 Differential Calculus (Differentiation is a method of finding the


derivative of a function).

 Integral Calculus (Integral accumulates the discrete values of a


function over a range of values).

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Modelling

• The area of circle depends on the radius of the circle.

• The interest paid for amount deposited depends on the length of time for which the
investment is held.

In each case, the value of one variable depends on the other variable quantity and we
symbolically write as
y = f(x)
Here, f is the function, x is the independent variable and y is called the dependent
variable.
Functions and Graphs

• Given two non-empty sets A and B, a function is correspondence which assigns to every element
“a” of A , a unique element say b from set B.

15 July 2023 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Notations and Terminology

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Cartesian Plane

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EX

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Graphs of functions

• Constant Function: y=f(x)=k (k= constant)

Eg.: y = 3/2

• Identity Function: y=f(x)=x for all x belongs to R

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Cont..

• Absolute value function:

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Piece-wise defined Function:

Example:

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Cont…

• Flooring function:

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Cont…

• Ceiling Function:

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Cont…

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Even and Odd function

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Cont…

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Cont..

Sine, cosine,tangent, secant, cosecant,


cotangent

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Rational Functions:

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Increasing and Decreasing function

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Composite Function

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Example:

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Shifting the Graph of a Given Function

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Examples:

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


02/27/2025 35
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Classification of function

• Surjective Function (onto) :


A function f:A -> B is called surjective or onto if every element of
b of B is an image of at least one element a of A.

i.e Range of f = B

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


02/27/2025 37
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Injective Function

• A function f:A -> B is called injective or one to one if two


distinct elements of A corresponds to two elements of B.

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Bijective Function

• A function f:A -> B is both injective (one to one) and Surjective


(onto) then it is called Bijective.
• Such function is called one to one correspondence between A
and B.
• i.e. If f is bijection then every element of B has unique pre-
image in A.

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Reference Books

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Thank You

February 27, 2025 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

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