The History of

Coding
Introduction to Programming
• Definition of coding and programming.
• coding has evolved from manual machines to modern languages
Definition of coding and
programming.
• Coding: Writing the individual lines of code.
• Programming: The overall process of creating a program, from design
to execution.
coding has evolved from manual machines to
modern languages

• Manual Machines (1800s):

• Punch cards, mechanical systems (e.g., Jacquard Loom).
• No programming languages, only physical instructions.
• Early Programming (1940s-1950s):
• Machine code & assembly language.
• Low-level, hardware-specific.
Early Computational Machines
• Charles Babbage and the Analytical Engine:
• The first conceptual computer.Ada Lovelace:
• The first computer programmer.The Turing Machine: Alan Turing’s
contribution to computation theory.
Charles Babbage and the
Analytical Engine:
• Charles Babbage, known as the "Father of Computing," designed the
Analytical Engine in 1837, a mechanical, programmable device with
features like a CPU (The Mill), memory (The Store), and punch card
input, laying the groundwork for modern computers despite never
being fully built in his lifetime.
The first conceptual
computer.Ada Lovelace:
• The First Conceptual Computer: Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine
(1830s) was the first design for a general-purpose mechanical
computer, featuring programmability, memory, and an arithmetic
unit.
• Ada Lovelace: She wrote the first algorithm for the Analytical Engine
and foresaw its potential beyond calculations, making her the first
computer programmer.
The first computer programmer.The
Turing Machine: Alan Turing’s
contribution to computation theory.
• The First Computer Programmer: Ada Lovelace wrote the first
algorithm for Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine, making her the first
computer programmer.
• The Turing Machine & Alan Turing’s Contribution: Alan Turing’s Turing
Machine (1936) defined the mathematical foundations of
computation, proving that any computable problem could be solved
algorithmically, shaping modern computer science.
The First Programming
Languages
• Machine Language and Assembly:
• Direct interaction with hardware.Fortran (1957):
• The first high-level programming language, designed for scientific
computations.Lisp (1958):
• One of the earliest languages for symbolic processing.COBOL (1959):
• Created for business, finance, and administrative systems.
Machine Language and Assembly:

• Machine Language & Assembly: Machine language is the lowest-level

programming language, consisting of binary code directly executed by a
computer's CPU, while assembly language is a human-readable
representation of machine code, using symbolic instructions for easier
programming.
Direct interaction with hardware.Fortran (1957):

• Fortran was designed for scientific and engineering computations, but

it did not provide direct hardware interaction like assembly language.
Instead, it introduced high-level abstractions while still being efficient
for numerical computations. Early Fortran compilers optimized code
to run efficiently on hardware, bridging the gap between machine
language and human-readable code.
The first high-level programming language,
designed for scientific computations.Lisp (1958)
• Lisp was one of the first high-level programming languages, but unlike
Fortran, which was designed for numerical computations, Lisp was
created for symbolic processing and artificial intelligence research. It
introduced key concepts like recursion, dynamic typing, and garbage
collection, making it highly flexible for non-numeric computations.
One of the earliest languages for
symbolic processing.COBOL (1959):
• LISP (1958) was one of the earliest languages designed for symbolic
processing, particularly in artificial intelligence and mathematical
logic.
• For COBOL (1959), a key point is:
Designed for business data processing, focusing on readability and
portability for handling large-scale record processing in enterprises.
Created for business, finance, and administrative
systems.

• COBOL (1959): Created for business, finance, and administrative

systems, COBOL was designed to handle large-scale data processing,
record-keeping, and financial transactions, making it a dominant
language in banking, government, and enterprise applications.
Introduction of Structured
Programming
• The shift from unstructured, GOTO-heavy code to more readable and
maintainable languages.
• Key languages like C (1972) and Pascal (1970).
The shift from unstructured, GOTO-heavy code to
more readable and maintainable languages.

occurred with the introduction of structured programming in the 1960s

and 1970s. This movement emphasized the use of control structures
like loops and conditionals, rather than relying on GOTO statements,
leading to cleaner, more modular, and easier-to-understand code.
Languages like Pascal, C, and later Python helped popularize structured
programming, making it easier to write, debug, and maintain complex
software systems.
Key languages like C (1972) and
Pascal (1970).
• C (1972) and Pascal (1970) were key languages in the evolution of
programming, with C providing a powerful and flexible tool for
system-level programming and Pascal emphasizing structured
programming and educational use, both shaping modern software
development practices
The Rise of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

• Simula (1967): The first OOP language.

• Smalltalk (1972): Early influential OOP environment.
• The influence of C++ (1983), Java (1995), and others in popularizing
OOP.
Simula (1967): The first OOP
language.
• Simula (1967), created by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard at the
Norwegian Computing Center (Norsk Regnesentral), is widely
regarded as the first object-oriented programming (OOP) language
• introducing key concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, and
polymorphism, which later influenced the development of OOP
languages such as Smalltalk, C++, and Java.
Smalltalk (1972): Early influential
OOP environment
• Smalltalk (1972), developed by Alan Kay, Dan Ingalls, and Adele
Goldberg at Xerox PARC, was a revolutionary and highly influential
object-oriented programming (OOP) environment
• introducing everything as an object, with a pure OOP model that
included dynamic typing, message passing, and a fully integrated
development environment (IDE), which made it a foundation for
modern
The influence of C++ (1983), Java (1995), and others
in popularizing OOP.

• The influence of C++ (1983), Java (1995), and other object-oriented

programming (OOP) languages has been monumental in popularizing
OOP
• C++ (1983), Java (1995), and others played a crucial role in
popularizing object-oriented programming (OOP) by combining OOP
principles with practical features like efficiency, platform
independence, and large-scale application development, making OOP
accessible and widely adopted across industries.