Congruent Triangles

Geometry
Chapter 5
• This Slideshow was developed to accompany the
textbook
 Big Ideas Geometry
 By Larson and Boswell
 2022 K12 (National Geographic/Cengage)
• Some examples and diagrams are taken from the
textbook. Slides created by
Richard Wright, Andrews Academy
[email protected]
After this lesson…
• I can classify triangles by sides and by angles.
• I can prove theorems about angles of triangles.
• I can find interior and exterior angle measures of triangles.

5.1 ANGLES OF TRIANGLES

 5.1 Angles of Triangles
Classify Triangles by Sides Equilateral
Triangle
All congruent
sides
Scalene Triangle
No congruent
sides Isosceles Triangle
Two congruent
sides
 5.1 Angles of Triangles
Classify Triangles by Angles Equiangular
Triangle
All congruent
angles
Right Triangle
Acute Triangle 1 right angle
3 acute angles

Obtuse Triangle
1 obtuse angle
 5.1 Angles of Triangles
• Classify the following triangle by sides and angles
 5.1 Angles of Triangles
• ΔABC has vertices A(0, 0), B(3, 3), and C(-3, 3). Classify it
by is sides. Then determine if it is a right triangle.
 5.1 Angles of Triangles
A
• Take a triangle and tear off two of
the angles.
• Move the angles to the 3rd angle.
B C
• What shape do all three angles
form?
Triangle Sum Theorem
The sum of the measures of the interior angles of a
triangle is 180°.
mA + mB + mC = 180°
 5.1 Angles of Triangles
Exterior Angle Theorem
The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle = the sum of
the 2 nonadjacent interior angles.
m1 = mA + mB
A

1
B C
 5.1 Angles of Triangles
Corollary to the Triangle Sum Theorem
The acute angles of a right triangle are complementary.
mA + mB = 90°

C B
 5.1 Angles of Triangles
• Find the measure of 1 in the diagram.

• Find the measures of the acute angles in the diagram.

 5.1 Angles of Triangles
• 228 #2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 32, 42,
44, 48, 55, 58, 59 = 20 total
After this lesson…
• I can use rigid motions to show that two triangles are congruent.
• I can identify corresponding parts of congruent polygons.
• I can use congruent polygons to solve problems.

5.2 CONGRUENT POLYGONS

 5.2 Congruent Polygons
Congruent 
Exactly the same shape and size.

Congruent Not Congruent

 5.2 Congruent Polygons
A D

C B F E
• ΔABC  ΔDEF ΔABC  ΔEDF

• A  D B  E C  F
•
 5.2 Congruent Polygons
• In the diagram, ABGH  CDEF
 Identify all the pairs of congruent corresponding parts

 Find the value of x and find mH.

 5.2 Congruent Polygons
• Show that ΔPTS  ΔRTQ
 5.2 Congruent Polygons
Third Angle Theorem
If two angles of one triangle are congruent to two angles of
another triangle, then the third angles are congruent.

? ?

75° 20° 75° 20°

Properties of Congruence of Triangles
Congruence of triangles is Reflexive, Symmetric, and
Transitive
 5.2 Congruent Polygons
• In the diagram, what is mDCN?

• By the definition of congruence, what additional

information is needed to know that ΔNDC  ΔNSR?
 5.2 Congruent Polygons
• 235 #2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 24,
26, 28, 30, 31, 32 = 20 total
After this lesson…
• I can use the SAS Congruence Theorem.

5.3 PROVING TRIANGLE CONGRUENCE BY SAS

5.3 Proving Triangle Congruence by SAS
SAS (Side-Angle-Side Congruence Postulate)
If two sides and the included angle of one triangle are
congruent to two sides and the included angle of another
triangle, then the two triangles are congruent

The angle
must be
between
the sides!!!
5.3 Proving Triangle Congruence by SAS
• Given B is the midpoint of .
∠ABC and ∠DBC are right angles.
• Prove △ABC ≅ △DBC
Statements Reasons
5.3 Proving Triangle Congruence by SAS
• What can you conclude about △PTS
and △RTQ? Explain.

• 241 #2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 17, 18, 19, 23, 24,

27, 29, 31 = 15 total
After this lesson…
• I can prove and use theorems about isosceles triangles.
• I can prove and use theorems about equilateral triangles.

5.4 EQUILATERAL AND ISOSCELES TRIANGLES

5.4 Equilateral and Isosceles Triangles
• Parts of an Isosceles Triangle
Vertex Angle

Leg Leg

Base Angles
Base
5.4 Equilateral and Isosceles Triangles
Base Angles Theorem
If two sides of a triangle are congruent, then the angles
opposite them are congruent.
Converse of Base Angles Theorem
If two angles of a triangle are congruent, then the two sides
opposite them are congruent.
 5.4 Equilateral and Isosceles Triangles
• Complete the statement
 If , then  ?   ? .

 If KHJ  KJH, then ?  ? .

5.4 Equilateral and Isosceles Triangles
Corollary to the Base Angles Theorem
If a triangle is equilateral, then it is equiangular.
Corollary to the Converse of Base Angles Theorem
If a triangle is equiangular, then it is equilateral.
 5.4 Equilateral and Isosceles Triangles
• Find ST

• Find mT
 5.4 Equilateral and Isosceles Triangles
• Find the values of x and y

• 248 #2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 24, 27, 28, 30,
36, 38, 39, 40, 43 = 20 total
After this lesson…
• I can use the SSS Congruence Theorem.
• I can use the Hypotenuse-Leg Congruence Theorem.

5.5 PROVING TRIANGLE CONGRUENCE

BY SSS
 5.5 Proving Triangle Congruence
by SSS
SSS (Side-Side-Side Congruence Postulate)
If three sides of one triangle are congruent to three sides of
another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent

• True or False
 ΔDFG  ΔHJK

 ΔACB  ΔCAD
 5.5 Proving Triangle Congruence
by SSS
• Given: ; A B
• Prove: ΔABD  ΔCDB
D C
Statements Reasons
 5.5 Proving Triangle Congruence
by SSS
• Stable structures are made out of triangles
• Determine whether the figure is stable.
 5.5 Proving Triangle Congruence
by SSS
• Right triangles are special
 If we know two sides are congruent we can use the
Pythagorean Theorem (ch 7) to show that the third
sides are congruent
Hypotenuse
Leg

Leg
 5.5 Proving Triangle Congruence
by SSS
HL (Hypotenuse-Leg Congruence Theorem)
If the hypotenuse and a leg of a right triangle are congruent
to the hypotenuse and a leg of another right triangle, then
the two triangles are congruent
 5.5 Proving Triangle Congruence
by SSS
• Given: ABC and BCD are rt
s;
• Prove: ΔACB  ΔDBC
Statements Reasons
 5.5 Proving Triangle Congruence
by SSS
• 256 #1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 18, 20, 22, 26, 28, 31,
32, 34, 35, 36 = 20 total
After this lesson…
• I can prove the AAS Congruence Theorem.
• I can use the ASA and AAS Congruence Theorems.

5.6 PROVING TRIANGLE CONGRUENCE

BY ASA AND AAS
 5.6 Proving Triangle Congruence
by ASA and AAS
• Use a ruler to draw a line of 5 cm.
• On one end of the line use a protractor to draw a 30°
angle.
• On the other end of the line draw a 60° angle.
• Extend the other sides of the angles until they meet.
• Compare your triangle to your neighbor’s.
• This illustrates ASA.
 5.6 Proving Triangle Congruence
by ASA and AAS
ASA (Angle-Side-Angle Congruence Postulate)
If two angles and the included side of one triangle are
congruent to two angles and the included side of another
triangle, then the two triangles are congruent

The side
must be
between
the angles!
 5.6 Proving Triangle Congruence
by ASA and AAS
AAS (Angle-Angle-Side Congruence Theorem)
If two angles and a non-included side of one triangle are
congruent to two angles and a non-included side of another
triangle, then the two triangles are congruent

The side is
NOT
between
the angles!
 5.6 Proving Triangle Congruence
by ASA and AAS
• In the diagram, what postulate or theorem can you use
to prove that ΔRST  ΔVUT?
 5.6 Proving Triangle Congruence
by ASA and AAS
• Given: ,
• Prove: △DEH ≅ △GEF

Statements Reasons
 5.6 Proving Triangle Congruence
by ASA and AAS
• Given: ,
• Prove: △RST ≅ △VUT

Statements Reasons
 5.6 Proving Triangle Congruence
by ASA and AAS
• 264 #2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 22, 24, 28, 35, 38, 39, 40, 41 =
15 total
After this lesson…
• I can use congruent triangles to prove statements.
• I can use congruent triangles to solve real-life problems.
• I can use congruent triangles to prove constructions.

5.7 USING CONGRUENT TRIANGLES

 5.7 Using Congruent Triangles
• By the definition of congruent triangles, we know that
the corresponding parts have to be congruent

CPCTC
Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are Congruent
Your book just calls this “definition of congruent triangles”
 5.7 Using Congruent Triangles
• To show that parts of triangles are congruent
 First show that the triangles are congruent using
o SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS, HL
 Second say that the corresponding parts are
congruent using
o CPCTC or “def  Δ”
 5.7 Using Congruent Triangles
• Write a plan for a proof to show that A  C

• Show that by reflexive

• Show that triangles are  by SSS
• Say A  C by def  Δ or CPCTC
5.7 Using Congruent Triangles
• Given: ,
• Prove: C is the midpoint of
 5.7 Using Congruent Triangles
• 271 #2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 13, 17, 19, 20, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28 =
15 total
After this lesson…
• I can place figures in a coordinate plane.
• I can write plans for coordinate proofs.
• I can write coordinate proofs.

5.8 COORDINATE PROOFS

 5.8 Coordinate Proofs
Coordinate Proof
• Place geometric figures in a coordinate plane (graph)
• When variables are used for the coordinates, the result is true
for all figures of that type
• Use formulas to prove things
 Midpoint formula
 Distance formula
 Slope formula
 5.8 Coordinate Proofs
• Place figures for Coordinate Proof
1. Use the origin as a vertex or center.
2. Place at least one side of the polygon on an axis.
3. Usually keep the figure within the first quadrant.
4. Use coordinates that make computations as simple as
possible.
• You will prove things by calculating things like slope, distance,
and midpoints
5.8 Coordinate Proofs
 5.8 Coordinate Proofs
• Place a square in a coordinate plane so (0, a) (a, a)
that it is convenient for finding side
lengths. Assign coordinates.
(0, 0) (a, 0)

• Place a right triangle in a coordinate (0, b)

plane so that it is convenient for finding
side lengths. Assign coordinates.
(0, 0) (a, 0)
 5.8 Coordinate Proofs
• Place an isosceles triangle in a coordinate plane with
vertices P(−2a, 0), Q(0, a), and R(2a, 0). Then find the
side lengths and the coordinates of the midpoint of each
side.
 5.8 Coordinate Proofs
• Given Coordinates of vertices of
quadrilateral OTUV
• Prove ∠TOU ≅ ∠VUO

• 277 #2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 12, 15, 16, 22, 23,

25, 26, 29, 32, 33 = 15 total