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Applications of Displacement Reactions

The document discusses the extraction of metals from ores, explaining that ores are naturally occurring rocks containing enough minerals to justify extraction. It outlines the methods of extraction based on metal reactivity, highlighting the use of carbon for metals below it in the reactivity series, particularly in the blast furnace process for iron. Key concepts include displacement reactions, the role of carbon, and the significance of ores in metal production.

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15 views17 pages

Applications of Displacement Reactions

The document discusses the extraction of metals from ores, explaining that ores are naturally occurring rocks containing enough minerals to justify extraction. It outlines the methods of extraction based on metal reactivity, highlighting the use of carbon for metals below it in the reactivity series, particularly in the blast furnace process for iron. Key concepts include displacement reactions, the role of carbon, and the significance of ores in metal production.

Uploaded by

7hkjtp7b97
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Applications of displacement

reactions
Key words
• Ore
• Blast furnace
• Pressure
Extracting Metals!
Learning Objective: How are metals extracted from ores?

Describe how metals Explain which metal


State what is meant by
are extracted from oxides react with
an ore.
ores. carbon.

DO NOW: Why are carbon and hydrogen Keywords:


in red? • natural
resources
Challenge: Most metals are extracted as • minerals
they’re not usually found as pure • ore
substances. • extraction
1. Why do you think most are not found
pure? KS3 Activate
2. Which metals do you think are found Science
Fantastic Fact!
We use awesome amounts
of ore. In 2010 world iron
ore production was 2400
million tonnes.

China dug out 900 million


tonnes of this.
RECALL 1: Metal reactions
1. Magnesium reacting with hydrochloric
acid
magnesium + hydrochloric acid → magnesium chloride +
hydrogen

2. Zinc reacting with sulfuric acid CHALLENGE: - write


Zinc + sulfuric acid → zinc sulfate + hydrogen
balanced formula
equations for reaction 4.
3. Iron
Iron reacting
+ nitric acidwith nitric
→ Iron acid
nitrate + hydrogen and 5.
2Zn(s) +O2(g) → 2ZnO(s)
2Cu(s) +O2(g) → 2CuO(s)
4. Zinc
zinc reacting
+ oxygen with oxide
→ zinc oxygen

copper + oxygen → copper oxide


5. Copper reacting with oxygen
magnesium + water → magnesium hydroxide +
6. Magnesium reacting with water
hydrogen
RECALL 2: Metal displacement reactions

Magnesium, Zinc, Lead, Copper

A reaction where a more reactive


metal displaces a less reactive metal
from its compound.

NO REACTION

Iron nitrate + gold

Potassium sulphate +
copper

NO REACTION
DISCUSS: What is meant by the keyword ore?
How do you think that links in with our title for today’s
lesson “Extracting Metals”?

Watch the video carefully, and write down three facts about metal ores.
What is an ore?
The materials that make everything we use originally came from natural
resources in the Earth’s crust, atmosphere, or oceans. Natural resources act
as raw materials for making millions of products.
Many of the materials we use are metals. Most metals are found joined with
other elements in compounds. A few metals, such as gold, are found on
their own. Naturally occurring metals, and their compounds, are called
minerals.
Iron ore
State the meaning of the keyword
An ore is a naturally
ore occurring rock
that contains enough of a mineral
to make it worth getting the
mineral – and then the metal it
includes – out of the rock.
How are metals extracted from ores?
The extraction of a metal is the separation of
the metal from its compounds.
For example, there are two main stages in
extracting iron from its ore. These are:
1. Separate iron oxide from the compounds it
is mixed with.
2. Use chemical reactions to extract iron from
iron oxide.
The chemical reactions involve heating iron
oxide with charcoal. Charcoal is a form of
carbon. It is cheap, and easy to get hold of.
Describe two stages in extracting a metal from its ore.
CHALLENGE: Explain why iron oxide is heated with
EXTRACTION METHODS The method chosen for the extraction of a metal
depends on the reactivity of the metal.
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium Aluminium is ABOVE CARBON, so you
Magnesium cannot use carbon to get aluminium
Aluminium from aluminium oxide. Aluminium is
Carbon
more reactive than carbon. They can be
extracted using electricity.
Zinc
Iron
Tin Metals BELOW CARBON are extracted by
Lead heating them with carbon.
Copper
Silver These metals exist as the element itself.
Gold They do not form compounds because they
Platinum are very unreactive. They just need
separating from the substances it is mixed
Extraction of iron
Iron is below Carbon in the reactivity series.
So carbon can be used to extract iron from its ores. This happens inside a huge oven that can
tolerate high temperature and pressure called “The Blast Furnace”.
Temperature inside the blast furnace reaches 1,650 °C.
How does a blast furnace work?
Coke is a form of
carbon

Displacement happens where


carbon replaces iron to produce
carbon dioxide and molten pure
iron

Hot air is blown to provide


oxygen needed for burning
carbon and to create the
high temperature and
pressure needed.
Which metal oxides react with carbon?
Carbon is a non-metal. But we can place it in
the reactivity series, between aluminium and
zinc.
Any metal that is below carbon in the
reactivity series can be displaced from its
compounds by carbon.
For example, you can heat carbon powder with
copper oxide powder. Carbon displaces copper
from copper oxide:
copper + carbon
→
Carbon + copper oxide dioxide
C(s) + 2CuO(s) → 2Cu(s) +
CO2(g)
lead + carbon dioxide
Carbon + lead oxide →
C(s) + 2PbO(s) → 2Pb(s) +
CO2(g)
QUICK CHECK QUESTIONS
1. What is meant by an ore?

2. In what form are metals usually found in the Earth’s crust

3. How do you extract iron from its ore?


ANSWERS:
1. A rock that you can extract a metal from is called an ore.
2. In the Earth’s crust, metals are joined to other elements, in compounds. In many of
these compounds the metal is joined to oxygen. These are called metal oxides. Most
metal oxides are mixed with other compounds in rock.
3. There are two main stages in extracting iron from its ore. These are:
1. Separate iron oxide from the compounds it is mixed with.
2. Use chemical reactions to extract iron from iron oxide.
The chemical reactions involve heating iron oxide with charcoal. Charcoal is a form of
carbon.
SUMMARY QUESTIONS
1. Copy the sentences below, choosing the correct bold
words.
An ore is a substance/rock that you can extract metal from.
Most metals exist in the Earth’s crust as
compounds/elements. These are joined to/mixed with
other substances in ores. (3 marks).
2. Use the reactivity series to suggest whether magnesium is
extracted from its minerals by heating with carbon, or by
electrolysis. Justify your answer (2 marks).

CHALLENGE (You will need calculators):


1. A copper ore contains 6% of copper. Calculate the mass of
copper that a 100kg ore would contain.
2. A iron ore contains 8% of iron. Calculate the mass of iron
that a 200kg ore would contain.
Thank You

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