NS2

ns2- Network Simulator

• One of the most popular simulator among

networking researchers.
• Discrete event, Packet level simulator
– Events like ‘received an ack packet’, ‘enqueued a data
packet’
• Network protocol stack written in C++
• Tcl (Tool Command Language) used for specifying
scenarios and events.
• Simulates both wired and wireless networks.
 Goal
• Understand how to write Tcl scripts to
simulate simple network topologies and traffic
patterns.
• Analyze the trace files and understand the
performance of the protocols.
 Overview
• Wired
– Creating a simple two node network topology
– Adding traffic to the link
– UDP traffic
– TCP traffic
– Fault injection
• Wireless
– TCP performance on a linear chain of n nodes
 Simple two node wired network

n0 n1

Step 1: #Create a simulator object

set ns [new Simulator]

Step 2: #Open trace files

set f [open out.tr w]
$ns trace-all $f
 Simple two node wired network

n0 n1

Step 3: #Create two nodes

set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]

Step 4: #Create a duplex link between the nodes

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail
 Simple two node wired network
#Create a simulator object
set ns [new Simulator]
#Open trace files
set f [open out.tr w]
$ns trace-all $f
#Define a 'finish' procedure
proc finish {} {
global ns
$ns flush-trace
exit 0
}
#Create two nodes
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
#Create a duplex link between the nodes
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail
#Call the finish procedure after 5 seconds of simulation time
$ns at 5.0 "finish"
#Run the simulation
$ns run
 Adding traffic to the link

n0 n1

udp
udp

#Create a UDP agent and attach it to node n0

set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0
 Adding traffic to the link

n0 n1

udp
udp

cbr
cbr

# Create a CBR traffic source and attach it to udp0

set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr0 set packetSize_ 500
$cbr0 set interval_ 0.005
$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0
 Adding traffic to the link

n0 n1

udp
udp null
null

cbr
cbr

#Create a Null agent (a traffic sink) and

attach it to node n1
set null0 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $null0
 Adding traffic to the link

n0 n1

udp
udp null
null

cbr
cbr

#Connect the traffic source with the traffic sink

$ns connect $udp0 $null0
#Schedule events for the CBR agent
$ns at 0.5 "$cbr0 start"
$ns at 4.5 "$cbr0 stop“
 Simulate a simple topology – UDP
Traffic
#Create a simulator object
set ns [new Simulator]
sender #Open trace files
n0 set f [open out.tr w]
$ns trace-all $f
#Define a 'finish' procedure
proc finish {} {
n2 n3
global ns
receiver $ns flush-trace
router
exit 0
n1 }
#Create four nodes
sender set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
 Simulate a simple topology – UDP
sender
Traffic
n0

n2 n3

router receiver
n1
sender

#Create links between the nodes

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 1Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 1Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n3 $n2 1Mb 10ms SFQ
Simulate a simple topology – UDP Traffic
sender
n0

n2 n3

router receiver
n1
sender

#Create a UDP agent and attach it to node n0

set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]
$udp0 set class_ 1
$ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0
 Simulate a simple topology – UDP Traffic
sender
n0

n2 n3

router receiver
n1
sender
# Create a CBR traffic source and attach it to udp0
set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr0 set packetSize_ 500
$cbr0 set interval_ 0.005
$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0
Simulate a simple topology – UDP Traffic
sender
n0

n2 n3

router receiver
n1
sender

#Create a UDP agent and attach it to node n1

set udp1 [new Agent/UDP]
$udp1 set class_ 2
$ns attach-agent $n1 $udp1
 Simulate a simple topology – UDP Traffic
sender
n0

n2 n3

router receiver
n1
sender
# Create a CBR traffic source and attach it to udp1
set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr1 set packetSize_ 500
$cbr1 set interval_ 0.005
$cbr1 attach-agent $udp1
 Simulate a simple topology – UDP
sender
Traffic
n0

n2 n3

router receiver
n1
sender
#Create a Null agent (a traffic sink) and attach it to node
n3
set null0 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n3 $null0
 Simulate a simple topology – UDP
sender
Traffic
n0

n2 n3

router receiver
n1
sender

#Connect the traffic sources with the traffic sink

$ns connect $udp0 $null0
$ns connect $udp1 $null0
 Simulate a simple topology – UDP Traffic
#Schedule events for the CBR agents
$ns at 0.5 "$cbr0 start"
$ns at 1.0 "$cbr1 start"
$ns at 4.0 "$cbr1 stop"
$ns at 4.5 "$cbr0 stop"
#Call the finish procedure after 5 seconds of simulation
time
$ns at 5.0 "finish"
#Run the simulation
$ns run
Trace Analysis
http://nsnam.isi.edu/nsnam/index.php/NS-2_Trace_Formats
 TCP Traffic
sender
s1

s2 G r
sender gateway receiver
s3
sender

• 0, 1, 2 are senders
• 3 is a Gateway
• 4 receiver
 TCP Traffic
• #Create a TCP agent and attach it to node s1
• set tcp1 [new Agent/TCP/Reno]
• $ns attach-agent $s1 $tcp1
• $tcp1 set window_ 8
• $tcp1 set fid_ 1
 TCP Traffic
• #Create a TCP agent and attach it to node s2
• set tcp2 [new Agent/TCP/Reno]
• $ns attach-agent $s2 $tcp2
• $tcp2 set window_ 8
• $tcp2 set fid_ 2

• #Create a TCP agent and attach it to node s3

• set tcp3 [new Agent/TCP/Reno]
• $ns attach-agent $s3 $tcp3
• $tcp3 set window_ 4
• $tcp3 set fid_ 3
 TCP Traffic

• #Create TCP sink agents and attach them to node r

• set sink1 [new Agent/TCPSink]
• set sink2 [new Agent/TCPSink]
• set sink3 [new Agent/TCPSink]

• $ns attach-agent $r $sink1

• $ns attach-agent $r $sink2
• $ns attach-agent $r $sink3
 TCP Traffic
• #Connect the traffic sources with the traffic
sinks
• $ns connect $tcp1 $sink1
• $ns connect $tcp2 $sink2
• $ns connect $tcp3 $sink3
 TCP Traffic
• #Create FTP applications and attach them to
agents
• set ftp1 [new Application/FTP]
• $ftp1 attach-agent $tcp1
• set ftp2 [new Application/FTP]
• $ftp2 attach-agent $tcp2
• set ftp3 [new Application/FTP]
• $ftp3 attach-agent $tcp3
 TCP Traffic
#Define a 'finish' procedure
proc finish {} {
global ns
$ns flush-trace
exit 0
}

$ns at 0.1 "$ftp1 start"

$ns at 0.1 "$ftp2 start"
$ns at 0.1 "$ftp3 start"
$ns at 5.0 "$ftp1 stop"
$ns at 5.0 "$ftp2 stop"
$ns at 5.0 "$ftp3 stop"
$ns at 5.25 "finish"
$ns run
Complex topology and link failure

sender
0

6 1

5 2

4 3 receiver
 Complex topology and link failure
#Create a simulator object
set ns [new Simulator]
#Tell the simulator to use dynamic routing
$ns rtproto DV
#Define a 'finish' procedure
proc finish {} {
global ns
$ns flush-trace
exit 0
}
 Complex topology and link failure
#Create seven nodes
for {set i 0} {$i < 7} {incr i} {
set n($i) [$ns node]
}
#Create links between the nodes
for {set i 0} {$i < 7} {incr i} {
$ns duplex-link $n($i) $n([expr ($i+1)%7]) 1Mb 10ms
DropTail
}
 Complex topology and link failure
• #Create a UDP agent and attach it to node n(0)
• # Create a CBR traffic source and attach it to udp0
• #Create a Null agent (a traffic sink) and attach it to node n(3)
• #Connect the traffic source with the traffic sink

#Schedule events for the CBR agent and the network dynamics
$ns at 0.5 "$cbr0 start"
$ns rtmodel-at 1.0 down $n(1) $n(2)
$ns rtmodel-at 2.0 up $n(1) $n(2)
$ns at 4.5 "$cbr0 stop"
#Call the finish procedure after 5 seconds of simulation time
$ns at 5.0 "finish"
#Run the simulation
$ns run
 Wireless Linear Topology

1 2 3 4 … n

Run Wireless TCP for each connection separately

and look how the TCP congestion window changes.
 Have fun with ns2 !!!
• More info:
– http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~samir/cse590/ns-
simulator.htm