ASTEROID

S
 Objectives
1.Describe asteroids
2.Differentiate asteroids from comets; and
3.Discuss the characteristics of asteroids.
 Asteroids
-are sometimes called minor
planets
-are rocky remnants left over
from the early formation of our
solar system about 4.6 billion
years ago
 Location of Asteroids

Main Asteroid
Belt
Most asteroids are located in the area
orbiting the sun between Mars and Jupiter in
this belt.
The majority of known asteroids orbit within
the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
The belt contain between 1.1 and 1.9 million
Size of Asteroids
Asteroids range in size from Vesta-
the largest at about 239 miles
(530 kilometers) in diameter to
bodies down to 1 meter (3 feet)
across.
The total mass of all asteroids
combined is less than that of
Earth’s moon.
Shape of Asteroids

• Most asteroids are irregular in shaped, though a few

are nearly spherical, and they are often pitted or
cratered.
• As they revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits,
the asteroids also rotate, sometimes quite
erratically, tumbling as they go.
• More than 150 asteroids are known to have a small
companion moon (some have two moons).
• There are also binary (double asteroids, in which
rocky bodies of roughly equal size orbit each other,
as well as triple asteroid systems.
Classes of Asteroids

• The three broad composition classes of asteroids are C-,

S-, and M- types
• The C- types (chondrite) asteroids are most common,
probably consist of clay and silicate rocks, and are dark in
appearance. They are among the most ancient objects in
the solar system.
• The S-types (stony) are made up of silicate materials and
nickel iron.
• The M-types (metallic) are metallic (nickel-iron)

• The asteroid’s composition differences are related to how

far from the Sun they formed.
• Scientist continuously monitor Earth-crossing asteroids,
whose paths intersect Earth’s orbit, and near-earth asteroid
that approach Earth’s orbital distance to within about 45
million kilometers and may pose an impact danger.

• Radar is a valuable tool in detecting and monitoring

potential impact hazards. By reflecting transmitted signals
off objects, images and other information can be derived
from the echoes. Scientist can learn a great deal about an
asteroid’s orbit, rotation, size, shape, and metal
concentration.
 Missions that study
Asteroids
• Several missions have flown by and observed asteroids.
• The Galileo Spacecraft flew by asteroids Gaspra in 1991 and Ida in 1993;
the Near-earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) mission studied asteroids
Mathilde and Eros; and the Rosetta mission encountered Steins in 2008
and Lutetia in 2010.
• In 2005, the Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa landed on the near-
Earth asteroid Itokawa and attempted to collect samples. On
Hayabusa successfully returned to Earth a small amount of
asteroid dust now being studied by scientist.
• NASA’s Dawn spacecraft, launched in 2007, orbited and explored
asteroid Vesta for over a year. Once it left in September 2012, it
headed towards dwarf planet Ceres, with a planned arrival on
2015. Vesta and Ceres are two of the largest surviving
 Significant Dates
• 1801- Giuseppe Piazzi discovers the first and largest asteroid,
Ceres
• 1898- Gustav Witt discovers Eros, one of largest near-Earth
asteroids
• 1991-1994- The Galileo spacecraft takes the first close-up
images of an asteroid Gaspra and discovers the first moon
orbiting an asteroid Ida
• 1997-2000- the NEAR spacecraft flies by Mathilde and orbits and
lands on Eros
• 1998- NASA establishes the Near-earth object Program Office to
detect, track, and characterize potentially hazardous asteroids
and comets that could approach on Earth.
• 2006- Ceres attains new classification, “ dwarf planet
• 2008- The European spacecraft Rosetta, photographs asteroid
Steins
 Trojans
• These asteroids share an orbit with a larger
planet, but do not collide with it because they
gather around two special places in the orbit-
the L4 and L5 Lagrangian.
Near-Earth Asteroids
• These objects have orbits that pass close by that of Earth.
Asteroids that actually cross Earth’s orbital path known as
Earth-crossers. As of June 2013, 10,003 near Earth
asteroids are known and the number over 1 kilometer in
diameter is thought to be 861, with 1,409 classified as
potentially hazardous asteroids, those that could pose a
threat to Earth.
Video viewing

Asteroids

Differenc
e
ASTEROID OR COMET

1. Have tail
ASTEROID OR COMET

2. Halley is a famous
one
ASTEROID OR COMET

3. Most orbit between

Mars and Jupiter
ASTEROID OR COMET

4. Typically remain
solid when near the
Sun
ASTEROID OR COMET

5. Have small moon

 ASTEROID OR COMET

6. Ceres is the largest

ASTEROID OR COMET

7. Are made up of
rocks and/ or metal
 ASTEROID OR COMET

8. Some have crashed

into the Earth
 ASTEROID OR COMET

9. Loses material when

it gets closer to the
Sun due to melting
and vaporizing
 ASTEROID OR COMET

10. Exist in either solar

system beyond our
own
METEO
R
 Meteor
• Shooting stars or meteors are interplanetary
material falling through Earth’s atmosphere and
heated to incandescence by friction. These
objects are called meteoroids as they are
hurtling through space, becoming meteors for
the few seconds they streak across the sky and
create glowing trails.
• A meteor is a bright streak of light we see in
the sky that only last for seconds.
 When do we see them?
• Several meteors per hour can usually be seen on nay given
night. Sometimes the number increases dramatically-Meteor
shower.
• Some occur annually or at regular intervals as the Earth passes
through the trail of dusty debris left by a comet.
 Meteor Shower
• Meteor showers are usually named after a star or constellation
that is close to where the meteors appear in the sky.
• Perhaps the most famous are the Perseids, which peak around
August 12 every year. Every Perseid meteor is a tiny piece of
the comet Swift-Tutle, which swings by the Sun every 135 years.
• Other meteor shower and their associated comets are the
Leonids (Tempel-Tutle), the Aquarids and Orionids (Halley), and
the Taurids (Enckle)
• Most comet dust in meteor shower burns up in the atmosphere
before reaching the ground; some dust is captured by high-
altitude aircraft and analyzed in NASA laboratories.
 Meteorite
• Chunks of rock and metal from asteroids and other planetary
bodies that survive their journey through the atmosphere and
fall to the ground are called meteorites. Most meteorites found
on Earth are pebble to fist size but some are larger than a
building. Earth experienced many large meteorite impacts that
caused extensive destruction.
• There are three major types of meteorites: the “iron”, the
“stones”, and the “stony-irons”
 Stony meteorites
• Stony meteorites consists of minerals rich in silicon and oxygen,
with smaller amounts of iron, magnesium, and other elements.
One group of stony meteorites is called chondrites. They are
pieces of the same material from which the planet formed.
Another group of stony meteorites is called the achondrites.
They were once part of a larger body such as an asteroid. The
asteroid was large enough o have melted and separated into an
iron-rich core and stony crust.
 Iron meteorites
• Iron meteorites come from the metallic core. They are made
mostly of iron and nickel
 Stony-iron meteorites
• Stony-iron meteorites come from the inner crust. They have
nearly equal amounts of silicon-based stone and iron-nickel
metal.
 Meteoroid
• These are meteors that is still in space.
• This meteoroid will become meteor once it enters the
atmosphere of the Earth from outer space.
• Air friction heats the meteoroid so that it glows. It creates a
shining trail of gases and melted meteoroid particles. Most
meteoroid burn up before reaching the Earth.
• Meteoroids travel around the sun in different orbits and at
different speeds. The fastest ones move at about 26 miles per
second. The Earth travels at about 18 miles per second. So when
meteoroids meet the Earth’s atmosphere head-on, the combined
speed may reach about 44 miles per second, or 264 miles per
hour.
• One of the most intact impact craters is the Barringer
Meteorite Crater in Arizona, about 1 kilometer (0.6 mile)
across, formed by the impact of a piece of iron-nickel metal
approximately 50 meters (164 feet) in diameter.
• It is only 50,000 years old and so well preserved that it has been
used to study impact processes. Since this feature was
recognized as an impact crater in the 1920s, about 170 impact
craters have been identified on Earth.
• A very large asteroid impact 65 million years ago, which created
the 300-kilometer-wide (180-mile-wide) Chixculub crater on the
Yucatan Peninsula, is thought to have contributed to the
extinction of about 75% of marine and land animals on Earth at
the time, including the dinosaurs.
• More than 50,000 meteorites have been found on Earth. Of
these, 99.8% come from asteroids.
Meteoroid, Meteor,
Meteorite
1. Multiples of it can
create a meteor
shower
Meteoroid, Meteor,
Meteorite

2. A space rock
Meteoroid, Meteor,
Meteorite

3. It reaches the
Earth’s surface
Meteoroid, Meteor,
Meteorite

4. Hoba is the largest

Meteoroid, Meteor,
Meteorite
5. A bright streak of
light that last few
seconds
Meteoroid, Meteor,
Meteorite

6. It orbits the Sun

Meteoroid, Meteor,
Meteorite

7. Mistakenly known
as shooting star
Meteoroid, Meteor,
Meteorite

8. Burns in the
atmosphere
Meteoroid, Meteor,
Meteorite

9. Fragments of
asteroid
Meteoroid, Meteor,
Meteorite
10. Perseids is the
famous meteor
shower
Meteoroid, Meteor,
Meteorite
333,000.0
0
earths is the sun’s mass

386,000
km is the distance between Earth
and the Moon

24h 37m
23s is Jupiter’s rotation period
 Infographics
Neptune
Neptune is the farthest Neptune
planet from the Sun

Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Venus Mars
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is actually a cold
place
Do You Need a Table?
Surface
Mass Diameter
Gravity
(earths) (earths)
(earths)

Mercury 0.06 0.38 0.38

Mars 0.11 0.53 0.38

Saturn 95.2 9.4 1.16

 How About an
Infographic?
Mercury Mars
Mercury is the
Despite being red,
closest planet to
Mars is a cold place
the Sun

Jupiter Venus
Jupiter is the Venus is the
biggest planet of second planet from
them all the Sun
 These Are Four
Columns
Mercury Jupiter
Mercury is the Jupiter is the biggest
closest planet to the planet of them all
Sun

Neptune Mars
Neptune is the Despite being red,
farthest planet from Mars is a cold place
the Sun
 Percentages
Venu Neptun
s e
Neptune is the
Venus is the second
farthest planet from
planet from the Sun
the Sun

30 95 65 80
% % % %

Satur Jupite
n r
Saturn is the ringed Jupiter is the biggest
one and a gas giant planet of them all
 Our Team

Helena Jenna Doe John

James
“Mercury is the “Venus is the Patterson
“Despite being
closest planet second planet red, Mars is
to the Sun” from the Sun” a cold place”
 Our Services
$0. $30
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m d
Venus is the Saturn is the Neptune is the
second planet ringed one and farthest planet
from the sun a gas giant from the Sun

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