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Transport Mechanisms Presentation

Transport mechanisms regulate the movement of substances across the cell membrane, essential for maintaining homeostasis. They include passive transport (like diffusion and osmosis) and active transport (which requires energy), as well as secondary active transport and vesicular transport. Together, these mechanisms ensure the regulated exchange of vital substances for cellular function.

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4 views8 pages

Transport Mechanisms Presentation

Transport mechanisms regulate the movement of substances across the cell membrane, essential for maintaining homeostasis. They include passive transport (like diffusion and osmosis) and active transport (which requires energy), as well as secondary active transport and vesicular transport. Together, these mechanisms ensure the regulated exchange of vital substances for cellular function.

Uploaded by

douglasehiakhamen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transport Mechanisms Across

the Cell Membrane


Essentials of Medical Physiology
Introduction
• Transport mechanisms regulate the
movement of substances across the cell
membrane, maintaining homeostasis.

• Types of Transport:
• 1. Passive Transport
• 2. Active Transport
Passive Transport
• Definition:
• Movement along the concentration gradient without
energy input.

• Types:
• 1. Simple Diffusion: Lipid-soluble molecules like oxygen pass
through the lipid bilayer.
• 2. Facilitated Diffusion: Large molecules like glucose use
carrier proteins.
• 3. Osmosis: Water movement through a semipermeable
membrane.
Factors Affecting Diffusion
• - Permeability of the membrane
• - Temperature
• - Concentration gradient
• - Molecule size
• - Membrane thickness
• - Solubility of the substance
Active Transport
• Definition:
• Movement against the concentration gradient requiring
energy (ATP).

• Examples:
• 1. Sodium-Potassium Pump: Transports 3 Na⁺ out and 2
K⁺ in, maintaining membrane potential.
• 2. Calcium Pump: Moves calcium out of the cytoplasm.
• 3. Hydrogen Pump: Active in stomach acid production
and kidney function.
Secondary Active Transport
• Definition:
• Coupling sodium transport with the movement of
another substance.

• Types:
• 1. Cotransport (Symport): Both substances move in
the same direction (e.g., sodium-glucose transport).
• 2. Countertransport (Antiport): Substances move in
opposite directions (e.g., sodium-calcium exchange).
Vesicular Transport
• Definition:
• Movement of large molecules via vesicles.

• Types:
• 1. Endocytosis:
• - Pinocytosis (cell drinking).
• - Phagocytosis (cell eating).
• 2. Exocytosis: Release of secretory substances.
• 3. Transcytosis: Substance transported across a cell.
Conclusion
• Summary:
• - Transport mechanisms ensure the regulated
exchange of substances vital for cellular
homeostasis.
• - Active and passive transport work
synergistically to maintain cell function.

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