Communication In Management

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 Objectives
o Review the basic principles of communication.
o Describe the importance of formal and informal channels of communication in organizations.
o Discuss concepts of organizational and interpersonal communication.
o Describe the different directions of communication.
o Describe the mode of communication.
o Describe the factors influencing communication.
o Discuss the role of communication in leadership.

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 Communication
Communication is a two-way process in which information is
exchanged between individuals through a sender-receiver model. The
sender transmits ideas, opinions, or facts to the receiver, who responds
with feedback.

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7Cs of Communication
Clarity Concise

Correct
Complete
Effective
Communication

Courteous
Concrete

Considera
tion

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 Conciseness
• In formal communication, we should be cautious about the
briefness/conciseness of the message. Conciseness is one of the
principles of formal communication. Also, it is one of the important
elements and prerequisites of effective communication.
• It is always helpful for both the sender and the receiver because it
saves their time. Concise messages help get the meaning.

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 Correctness
• Correctness means the accuracy of thoughts, figures, and words. The
sender will lose reliability if the given information is not correctly
conveyed.
• While communicating we should be careful about the correct use of
grammar, message composition, and appropriate words. Successful
communication depends on the correct use of language & grammar.

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 Concreteness
• While communicating one should be very specific. Concreteness is an
important aspect of effective communication. It is about being specific
and definite rather than general.
• In oral communication, one cannot draw tables and graphs to make
our statement specific, but we can use apt and precise words to convey
a message. If the message is specific, that saves time and increases the
likelihood.

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 Clarity
• Clarity is one of the principles of formal communication. Whatever we
speak/communicate should have clarity. The idea of the message
should be very clear in the mind of the sender.
• The sender must be careful about the clarity of thought and objective
of communication.

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 Completeness
• Effective communication depends on the completeness of the
message. Incomplete messages create ambiguity in the audience

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 Consideration
• It is an act of consideration. While sending a message the sender
should look from the angle of the audience. The sender should
understand the feelings and emotions of the receivers. It shows that in
communication we should consider the audience.

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 Courtesy
• Courtesy means polite behavior. While communicating everybody
should show politeness towards others. It facilitates communication.
The polite messages help to strengthen relationships and to create
goodwill, which helps in expanding the business.
• To conclude, I would like to say that everybody should use the 7 Cs of
communication to communicate effectively.

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Types and Modes of Communication
One-Way Communication

Two-Way Communication

Verbal Communication

Non verbal Communication

Formal & Informal Communication

Visual Communication

Telecommunication and internet

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Formal And Informal Communication

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 Aspect Formal Communication Informal Communication

Structured communication that follows organizational rules, protocols, Casual, spontaneous communication that occurs without strict rules
Definition
or formats. or protocols.

Purpose Official, professional, and task-oriented. Personal, friendly, or unplanned exchanges of information.

Tone Polite, professional, and precise. Casual, relaxed, and conversational.

Medium/Channel Emails, memos, reports, official meetings, or presentations. Face-to-face chats, phone calls, text messages, or social media.

Language Formal, grammatically correct, and objective. Informal, idiomatic, and may include slang or abbreviations.

Supervisors, clients, government agencies, or other formal

Audience Friends, colleagues, or acquaintances.
institutions.

A business proposal. A quick chat during a coffee break.

Examples A performance review. A text to a colleague about lunch plans.

An official email from HR. A joke in a group chat.

Vertical (top-down or bottom-up) or horizontal within the

Flow of Information Multi-directional without regard to hierarchy.
organizational structure.
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Documentation Often documented and recorded for future reference. Rarely documented, unless intentionally recorded.
 Cont.…
We regret to inform you that the delivery will
be delayed due to adverse weather conditions.
Sorry, but the delivery will be
late because of the weather.
Professors still count on students to use
correct grammar and punctuation in essays.
Professors expect students to use correct
grammar and punctuation in essays.
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 Interpersonal Communication
The exchange of information, emotions, or ideas between individuals or
small groups in a direct, often face-to-face, context.

Interpersonal Communication is mostly informal, face-to-face, or in a

small group.

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 Interpersonal Communication

Examples:
• Conversations between friends or colleagues.
• Conflict resolution between two team
members.
• Mentoring or coaching sessions.

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 Organizational Communication

The process of sharing information and messages within an

organization to achieve common goals.

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 Organizational Communication

Examples:
• Company-wide announcements or
newsletters.
• Meetings, presentations, or departmental
updates.
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 Directions of Communication

Upward Downward Lateral Diagonal

Communication Communication Communication Communication

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 Upward Communication
Information flowing from lower-level employees to higher-
level employees within an organization

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 Downward Communication
The process of passing information and instructions from higher levels
of an organization to lower levels.

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 Lateral Communication
Communication among people, departments, or teams at
the same level in an organization.

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 Diagonal Communication
When people from different levels or departments talk
directly. It involves information moving sideways, cutting
across different levels and departments.

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 Diagonal Communication
For example, a manager from one department might
contact lower-level employees in another department or
vice versa.

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 Grapevine Communication
The informal communication that occurs in workplaces,
where employees interact socially and share information
outside official communication channels.

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Barriers For Effective Communication
Language Barrier
Physical Barrier
Emotional Barrier
Cultural Barrier
Physiological Barrier
Technological Barrier
Organizational Structure Barrier

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 Language Barrier
• Lack of a common language
• Limited vocabulary
"big house" instead of "mansion"
or
"important" instead of "crucial."
• Different accents

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 Physical Barrier
• Noise
• Distance
• Closed Doors or Walls
• Poor Lighting

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Emotional Barrier

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Cultural Barrier

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 Physiological barriers
• Physiological barriers to communication are limitations
caused by a person's health or disability

Cognitive
Hearing Loss Loss of Vision
Impairment
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 Technological Barrier
A poor internet connection disrupts a video conferencing call,
leading to dropped audio or frozen video.

Employees in under-resourced offices lacking modern devices

struggle to communicate effectively with colleagues using
advanced tools.

A presentation delayed because of a malfunctioning projector

or an unresponsive laptop

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Organizational Structure Barrier

Status or
Organizational Hierarchical Complex
Organizational
Rules and Positions in Organizational
Facilities
Policies the Structure
Organization

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 Leadership
“Leadership is a process in which a person or persons
inspire(s) and motivate(s) the people to meet the shared
goals or objectives which may be changed or added as
per the needs and challenges. Leadership connects with
the people beyond superficial or formal level, and creates
a bond that motivates them to do things rather than
forcing them.” (Malik & Azmat, 2019)

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 Role of Communication In Leadership.
Building Trust and Relationships
• Clear and transparent communication fosters trust among team
members.
• Leaders who communicate openly are more likely to create a
supportive and collaborative environment.

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 Cont.….
Providing Clarity and Direction
• Effective communication ensures that team members understand
goals, roles, and expectations.
• It helps align individual efforts with the overall vision of the
organization

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 Cont.….
Motivating and Inspiring
• Through inspiring messages and encouragement, leaders can boost
morale and motivation.
• Storytelling and empathetic listening can create emotional
connections with the team.

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 Cont.….
Enhancing Team Collaboration
• Open lines of communication facilitate better teamwork and
coordination.
• Leaders who encourage feedback and dialogue empower their teams
to share ideas and resolve conflicts constructively.

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 Cont.….
Conflict Resolution
• Effective communicators can address misunderstandings and
disagreements early, preventing escalation.
• Active listening helps leaders understand diverse perspectives and
mediate conflicts effectively.

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 Cont.….
Encouraging Innovation
• Leaders who foster a culture of open communication create an
environment where creativity and innovation thrive.
• Team members feel safe to voice new ideas without fear of judgment.

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 Cont.….
Improving Decision-Making
• By gathering input through effective communication, leaders can
make informed and inclusive decisions.
• It ensures that diverse viewpoints are considered before finalizing a
course of action.

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 Cont.….
Maintaining Accountability
• Leaders who communicate clearly about responsibilities and
expectations ensure that accountability is maintained.
• Regular check-ins and feedback loops help keep everyone on track.

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Thank you

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