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HYDROLOGY - Introduction

Hydrology is the science of water's occurrence, distribution, and movement on Earth and its atmosphere, essential for water resource management and conservation. The hydrologic cycle involves processes such as evaporation, precipitation, and runoff, influencing various fields including agriculture and engineering. Its applications are crucial in designing water resource projects, including flood control and irrigation systems.

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Tricia Jane Antalan Ermac
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5 views

HYDROLOGY - Introduction

Hydrology is the science of water's occurrence, distribution, and movement on Earth and its atmosphere, essential for water resource management and conservation. The hydrologic cycle involves processes such as evaporation, precipitation, and runoff, influencing various fields including agriculture and engineering. Its applications are crucial in designing water resource projects, including flood control and irrigation systems.

Uploaded by

Tricia Jane Antalan Ermac
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HYDROLO

GY
 Hydrology is formed by two
Greek words: "hydro" and
"logos" meaning "water" and
"science".

 It is the science that deals


with the occurrence,
distribution and movement
of water on the earth and
earth’s atmosphere.
 A good understanding of the
hydrologic process is
important for the
assessment of the water
resources, their
management and
conservation on global and
regional scales.
In general sense engineering
hydrology deals with:

 Estimation of water resources

 The study of processes such as


precipitation, evapotranspiration,
runoff, infiltration and their
interaction.
HYDROLOGIC
CYCLE
system is called as Hydrologic
cycle.

Hydrologic cycle is the process of


transfer of moisture from the
atmosphere to the earth in the form
of precipitation, conveyance of
precipitated water by streams and
rivers to ocean and lakes &
evaporation of water back to the
atmosphere.
Hydrologic cycle consists following
processes:
• Evaporation from water bodies
• Water vapor moves upwards
• Cloud formation
• Condensation
• Precipitation
• Interception
• Transpiration
• Infiltration
• Runoff–stream flow
• Deep percolation
• Ground water flow
• The water that is stored in a oceans & lakes can evaporate
and become a gas.
• As the water rises through the atmosphere, it cools,
condenses and becomes clouds.
• When the water gets heavy enough it can fall to the ground
in the form different types of precipitation.
• If the ground is saturated, the water that has fallen can
become runoff and flow directly into streams, rivers, or lakes.
• If the ground is not saturated, the water will infiltrate the
ground and move into the zone of aeration or the zone of
saturation.
• The interface or boundary between these two zones is called
the water table.
• The roots of plants can reach into the zone of saturation soak
up the water, and the water can then re-enter the
atmosphere through the process of transpiration.
Importance of Hydrologic
cycle
The hydrologic cycle has important influence in a variety
of fields; agriculture, forestry, geography, economics,
sociology, and political scene.
Engineering application of the knowledge are found in the
design and operation of the projects dealing with water
supply, hydropower, irrigation & drainage, flood control,
navigation, coastal work, various hydraulic structure
works, salinity control and recreational use of water.
Hydrologic Equation
The Hydrologic cycle may be expressed by following
simplified equation:

PRECIPITATION = EVAPORATION + RUN-OFF


P=E+R
Application in Engineering
• Hydrology finds its greatest application in the
design and operation of water resources
engineering projects -
• The capacity of storage structures such as
reservoir.
• The minimum flow and quantity of flow
available at various seasons.
• The interaction of the flood wave and
hydraulic structures, such as levees,
reservoirs, barrages and bridges.

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