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The document discusses the floral biology, breeding strategies, and achievements in crop improvement for ash gourd (Benincasa hispida) and pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). It outlines breeding goals such as high yield and disease resistance, methods including mass selection and heterosis breeding, and lists various selected varieties with their characteristics. Additionally, it highlights the importance of interspecific hybridization and breeding for resistance against viruses in cucurbits.

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6 views

Vnd.openxmlformats Officedocument.presentationml.presentation&Rendition=1 24

The document discusses the floral biology, breeding strategies, and achievements in crop improvement for ash gourd (Benincasa hispida) and pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). It outlines breeding goals such as high yield and disease resistance, methods including mass selection and heterosis breeding, and lists various selected varieties with their characteristics. Additionally, it highlights the importance of interspecific hybridization and breeding for resistance against viruses in cucurbits.

Uploaded by

d641971
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Floral biology, objectives, breeding

strategies and achievements in


crop improvement of ash gourd
and pumpkin
Ash gourd

• Botanical name: Benincasa hispida


• Family: Cucurbitaceae
• Chromosome no: 24
• Origin: Japan
• Common name: wax gourd/ hairy melon/ winter melon/
ash pumpkin/ white pumpkin/ petha
• Monoecious annual climber
Ash gourd Seed

Ash gourd

Ash gourd flower


Ash gourd field view
Breeding goals

• High yield

• High flesh recovery

• Less seeded

• More protein content of fruits

• Bushy type

• Resistant to fusarium wilt


Floral biology
• The anthesis is seen from 6.00am to 7.00 am.

• The anthers dehiscence's is seen 3 hours before


anthesis (3.00 a.m. to 4.00 p.m.).

• The pollens are fertile from 7.00 a.m. to 4.00 p.m.


on the day anthesis.

• The stigma becomes receptive 12 hours before


anthesis and continues to be receptive till 36
hours after anthesis.
Breeding methods

• Being a cross-pollinated crop.


• Mass selection,
• Pedigree method and
• Bulk population method.
Selection
CO -1:
• Selection from a local type from Tamil Nadu, Fruits
are large, oblong oval in shape, ashy coated, about 35
cm length and 22 cm in girth with a mean weight of
about 8-10 kg.
CO -2:
• Selection from Coimbatore local, Fruits are small,
oblong, with average weight of 2-4 kg. Crop duration
is about 120 days. It has an yield potential of 34t/ha.
Contn.,

Indhu:
• KAU, Vellanikkara.
Pusa Ujwal:
Selection from Indigenous material DAG-1,
Fruits oblong, rind greenish white, flesh white,
Average fruit weight 7.0 kg. Fruits are ideal for
long distance transportation. Yield potential of
480-500 q/ha (kharif season) and 410-425 q/ha
(summer season).
Contn.,

Kashi Ujjwal :
• The fruits are globular, fruit weight is 10-12 kg,
less-seeded, crop duration is 130-140 days.
yield potential of 600-610 q/ha.
Kashi Dhawal:
• Fruits are oblong with 11-12 kg weight. Flesh is
white with 8.5-8.7 cm, this variety is suitable
preparation of Petha sweets. Yield potential of
580-600 q/ha.
Varieties
Hybrid TNAU Ash gourd hybrid 1:
• Cross between PAG 3 and CO2.
• Protein 0.39 mg / 100g Carbohydrate 2.18mg/100g.
• Yield 91.82 t/ha.

New varieties:
• Pusa Shreyali, Pusa Urmi, Pusa Sabzipetha.

Mudaliar:
It’s recommended for TN by TNAU. Fruits are big, pale green in
colour.
Ash gourd varieties
Varieties Breeding method Special features
TNAU, Coimbatore
CO 1 Selection method
CO 2 Selection method
IIVR, Varansi.
Kashi Dhawal Selection method suitable for petha
Kashi Ujwal Selection method suitable for candy/petha
Kashi Surbhi Hybrid
IARI, New Delhi
Pusa Ujwal Selection method suitable for petha, long distance transportation
UAS, Bangalore
Boodikumbal Selection method
Karikumbala Selection method
Shakthi (APAU, Hyderabad)
Indu (KAU, Kerala) Tolerant to mosaic
Pumpkin
• Botanical name: Cucurbita moschata
• Family: Cucurbitaceae
• Chromosome no: 40
• Origin: Tropical America
• Genomic structure: AABB: Amphidipliod
• Highly cross pollinated – Entomophily due to monoecious

nature.
Wild species
Xerophytic form (perennial type, tolerating dry):

C. digitata, C. palmata, C. clindiata, c. foetidissima

Mesophytic form (Annual type, they require more or less water supply) :

C. ficifolia, C. sororia, C. Iundelliana

• Fig leaf gourd or malabar gourd: Cucurbita ficifolia

• Buffalo gourd: C. foetidissima (developed of gynoecios line & resistant to

viruses)

• Peten gourd: C. lundelliana


Pumpkin seed

Pumpkin fruit
Pumpkin flower
Contn.,

Introduction:
Varieties like ‘Emerald’, ‘Butternut’ and ‘japanese
Pie’ in squashes are all introductions to India.
Mass selection:
• Variety ‘Co.1 has been evolved through selection.
Heterosis breeding:
• Heterosis has been reported for earliness,
fruits / plant, fruit weight and weight of seeds / plant.

• Yield increase up to 80 percent has been reported.


Species
Cultivated Common Skin texture Fruit flesh, colour Stage of
species name and texture edible fruit
C.moschata Pumpkin Hard rind, Fine grained, Ripe, strong
smooth gelatinous flavour ,long
surface substance sticking keeping
to seed, yellow quality
flesh

C.pepo Summer Hard, angular Coarse grained, Immature,


squash deep yellow poor keeping
flesh quality
C.mixta Winter squash Hard Coarse grained, Immature
deep yellow
flesh
C.maxima Winter squash Hard Fine grained Immature
without gelatinous
substance sticking
to seed
Breeding Objectives

• High fruit yield

• Early fruiting

• First pistillate flower at early node number

• High female to male ratio

• Yellow or mottled skin of fruit

• Non-ridged fruit surface


Breeding methods

• Introduction
• Mass selection
• Heterosis breeding
• Polyploid breeding
• Interspecific hybridization
• Breeding for resistance
• Polyploid breeding.
Tetraploids (2n=80) of 4 Japanese varieties of
C.moschata were produced through colchicine
treatment, one drop of 0.2-0.4 percent solution was
applied for 5-7 days.
Interspecific hybridization.
• This method has also been successfully utilized in
crop improvement.

• Breeders have long been interested in interspecific


crosses among major cucurbita spp.

• Whitaker and Davis (1962) concluded that


C.moschata occupies a central position among
annual species and can be crossed with difficulty with
C.pepo, C.maxima and C.mixta.
Breeding for resistance:

• Providenti et al. (1978) reported that C.ecudorensis was immune


or resistant to 4 viruses infecting cucurbits and it was compatible
with C.maxima which would be a good source of resistance in
breeding programme.

• They also found that C.foetidissima is a good source of resistance


to 3 viruses –infecting cucurbits.

• C.martinezzi was resistant only to 2 viruses but could be used to


transfer resistance to CMV to C.moschata.
Selection
Varieties Special features
Azad Pumpkin-1 Early fruiting, close fruit bearing,
Pusa Vikas rich in vitamin-A.
Pusa Vishwas Fruits are brown, spherical, golden flesh.
Arka Chandan highest β carotene variety.
Sooraj Flesh is thick and orange coloured.
Saras Fruits elongated orange fleshed and medium-sized.
Suvarna
Ambili Plants are spreading type, fruits are flat-round,
medium
Narendra Amrit
CO-1 Each fruit weighs about 7.0 kg.
CO-2 Suitable for high density planting
Pedigree method:
Kashi Harit:
• NDPK-24 x PKM, Fruits are green, spherical,
weight 2.5-3.0 kg at green stage. Yield potential
of 300-350 q/ha , 65 days of crop duration.
Heterosis method:
Pusa Hybrid-1:
Sel-107 x Sel-124 , Fruits rounded-flat, medium in
size, average yield 520 q/ha. Suitable for Punjab,
Kerala, Delhi and other parts of northern plains.
Pumpkin varieties

• Arka Chandan – highest β


• Pusa Vishwas
carotene variety.
•Pusa Vikas : Rich Ain vit. A
• Ambili
• Pusa Hybrid 1:
• Saras
(Sel-107 x Sel-124)
• Soorj
• CM -14
• Suvarna • CO-1
• Solan Badami • CO-2
• Kashi harit
•
Summer squash varieties
• Patty pan, Early Yellow Prolific, Australian green –
USA introduced varieties.

• Punjab Chappan Kaddu -1

• Pusa Alankar – EC- 27050 X Sel. IPI-8.


Transgenic variety:
• Freedom : Resistant to zucchini virus.

Winter squash
• Arka Suryamukhi : Selection method, resistant to fruit
fly.

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