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Solving and Graphing Inequalities

The document provides an overview of solving and graphing inequalities, explaining the different inequality symbols and their meanings. It includes examples of how to solve inequalities, the importance of reversing inequality signs when multiplying or dividing by negative numbers, and how to graph these inequalities on a number line. Additionally, it covers absolute value inequalities and graphing linear inequalities in two variables, offering tips for shading and line types based on the inequality signs.

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Sonia Omapersaud
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Solving and Graphing Inequalities

The document provides an overview of solving and graphing inequalities, explaining the different inequality symbols and their meanings. It includes examples of how to solve inequalities, the importance of reversing inequality signs when multiplying or dividing by negative numbers, and how to graph these inequalities on a number line. Additionally, it covers absolute value inequalities and graphing linear inequalities in two variables, offering tips for shading and line types based on the inequality signs.

Uploaded by

Sonia Omapersaud
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WEEK 9

Solving and
Graphing
Inequalities
An inequality is like an equation,
but instead of an equal sign (=) it
has one of these signs:
< : less than
≤ : less than or equal to
> : greater than
≥ : greater than or equal to
“x < 5”
means that whatever value x
has, it must be less than 5.
Try to name ten numbers that
are less than 5!
Numbers less than 5 are to the left
of 5 on the number line.

-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25

• If you said 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3, etc., you are right.


• There are also numbers in between the integers, like
2.5, 1/2, -7.9, etc.
• The number 5 would not be a correct answer,
though, because 5 is not less than 5.
“x ≥ -2”
means that whatever value x
has, it must be greater than or
equal to -2.
Try to name ten numbers that
are greater than or equal to -2!
Numbers greater than -2 are to the
right of 5 on the number line.

-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25


-2
• If you said -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc., you are right.
• There are also numbers in between the integers,
like -1/2, 0.2, 3.1, 5.5, etc.
• The number -2 would also be a correct answer,
because of the phrase, “or equal to”.
Where is -1.5 on the number line?
Is it greater or less than -2?

-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25


-2

• -1.5 is between -1 and -2.


• -1 is to the right of -2.
• So -1.5 is also to the right of -2.
Inequalities and their Graphs

x 5 x 5

2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Inequalities and their Graphs

Objective: To write and graph simple


inequalities with one variable
Inequalities and their Graphs
What is a good definition for Inequality?

An inequality is a statement that


two expressions are not equal

2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Inequalities and their Graphs

Terms you see and need to know to graph inequalities correctly

< less than Notice


> greater than
open
circles
Inequalities and their Graphs
Terms you see and need to know to graph inequalities correctly

≤ less than or equal to

≥ greater than or equal to

Notice colored in circles


Inequalities and their Graphs
Let’s work a few together

Notice: when variable is on


left side, sign shows
x 3 direction of solution

3
Inequalities and their Graphs
Let’s work a few together

Notice: when variable is on


left side, sign shows

x7 direction of solution

7
Inequalities and their Graphs
Let’s work a few together

Notice: when variable is on


p  2 left side, sign shows
direction of solution

-2 Color in
circle
Inequalities and their Graphs
Let’s work a few together

Notice: when variable is on


left side, sign shows

x 8 direction of solution

Color in circle
Solve an Inequality
w+5<8
w + 5 + (-5) < 8 + (-5)

All numbers less


w<3 than 3 are
solutions to this
problem!
More Examples
8 + r ≥ -2
8 + r + (-8) ≥ -2 + (-8)
r ≥ -10
All numbers from -10 and up (including
-10) make this problem true!
More Examples
x - 2 > -2
x + (-2) + (2) > -2 + (2)
x>0
All numbers greater than 0 make this
problem true!
More Examples
4+y≤1
4 + y + (-4) ≤ 1 + (-4)
y ≤ -3
All numbers from -3 down (including -3)
make this problem true!
There is one special case.

●Sometimes you may have to reverse the


direction of the inequality sign!!

●That only happens when you


multiply or divide both sides of the
inequality by a negative number.
Solving by multiplication of a
negative #
Multiply each side by the same negative
number and REVERSE the inequality
symbol.

(-1)  x4 (-1) Multiply by (-1).

See the switch

x4
Solving by dividing by a negative
#
Divide each side by the same negative
number and reverse the inequality
symbol.

 2 x 6
-2 -2

x 3
Example:
Solve: -3y + 5 >23
●Subtract 5 from each side.
-5 -5
-3y > 18
-3 -3 ●Divide each side by negative 3.
y < -6 ●Reverse the inequality sign.
●Graph the solution.

-6 0
Try these:
1.) Solve 2x + 3 > x + 5 2.)Solve - c – 11 >23
-x -x + 11 + 11

x+3>5 -c > 34
-3 -3 -1 -1

x>2 c < -34

3.) Solve 3(r - 2) < 2r + 4


3r – 6 < 2r + 4
-2r -2r

r–6<4
+6 +6 r < 10
You did remember to reverse
the signs . . .
 15   4 x  7 5
7 7 7
 8   4 x 12
4 4 4
2  x  3
Good job!
Example: 2x  6  4x  8
- 4x - 4x
 2x  6  8 Ring the alarm!
We divided by a
negative!
+ 6 +6
 2 x  14
-2 -2

We turned the sign! x7


Solving and Graphing Inequalities

Very Basics of Graphing Inequalities (on a number


line)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nif2PKA9bXA

Graphing an inequality with the variable on the


right side and negative
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Em_Taf3_aRo
Remember Absolute Value
Ex: Solve 6x-3 = 15
6x-3 = 15 or 6x-3 = -15
6x = 18 or 6x = -12
x = 3 or x = -2

* Plug in answers to check your solutions!


Ex: Solve 2x + 7 -3 = 8
Get the abs. value part by itself first!
2x+7 = 11
Now split into 2 parts.
2x+7 = 11 or 2x+7 = -11
2x = 4 or 2x = -18
x = 2 or x = -9
Check the solutions.
Ex: Solve & graph.
4 x  9 21
• Becomes an “and” problem

15
 3 x 
2 -3 7 8
Solve & graph.
3x  2  3 11
• Get absolute value by itself first.
3 x  2 8
• Becomes an “or” problem
3x  2 8 or 3x  2  8
3 x 10 or 3 x  6
10
x  or x  2
3

-2 3 4
Example 1:
This is an ‘or’ statement.
● |2x + 1| > 7 (Greator). Rewrite.
● 2x + 1 > 7 or 2x + 1 >7 In the 2nd inequality, reverse the
inequality sign and negate the
● 2x + 1 >7 or 2x + 1 <-7
right side value.

● x > 3 or x < -4 Solve each inequality.


Graph the solution.

-4 3
Example 2:
● |x -5|< 3
This is an ‘and’ statement.
(Less thand).
● x -5< 3 and x -5< 3
● x -5< 3 and x -5> -3 Rewrite.
In the 2nd inequality, reverse the
● x < 8 and x > 2 inequality sign and negate the
right side value.
● 2<x<8
Solve each inequality.

Graph the solution.

2 8
Absolute Value Inequalities
Case 1 Example: x 3  5

and
x 3  5 x 35
x  2 x 8

 2x 8
Absolute Value Inequalities
Case 2 Example: 2x 1  9
or
2x 1   9 2x 1  9
2x   10 2x  8
x 5 x4

x   5 OR x  4
Absolute Value
• Answer is always positive

• Therefore the following


examples
cannot happen. . .
3x  5  9

Solutions: No solution
Graphing Linear
Inequalities in Two
Variables
•SWBAT graph a linear
inequality in two variables
•SWBAT Model a real life
situation with a linear
inequality.
Some Helpful Hints
•If the sign is > or < the line is
dashed
•If the sign is  or  the line will
be solid
When dealing with just x and y.
•If the sign > or  the shading
either goes up or to the right
•If the sign is < or  the shading
either goes down or to the left
When dealing with slanted lines
•If it is > or  then you shade above

•If it is < or  then you shade below


the line
Graphing an Inequality in Two
Variables
Graph x < 2
Step 1: Start by graphing
the line x = 2

Now what points


would give you less
than 2?

Since it has to be x < 2


we shade everything to
the left of the line.
Graphing a Linear Inequality
Sketch a graph of y  3
Using What We Know
Sketch a graph of x + y < 3
Step 1: Put into
slope intercept form
y <-x + 3

Step 2: Graph the


line y = -x + 3

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