INFORMATION SHEET

CO4.2-2 COMPUTER
SYSTEMS
MAINTENANCE
PROCEDURES
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:

• AFTER READING THIS INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST BE ABLE TO LEARN

COMPUTER SYSTEMS MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES.
HOW TO PERFORM DISK CLEAN UP:

1.START MENU>>PROGRAMS>>ACCESSORIES>>SYSTEM TOOLS>>DISK CLEAN UP

2.SELECT DRIVE TO CLEAN UP AND CLICK ―OK‖

3.PLACE CHECK MARKS IN ITEMS TO BE REMOVED CLICK ―OK‖

( IF YOUR NOT SURE WHAT YOU ARE DELETING SELECT THE CATEGORY AND THEN CLICK

―VIEW FILES‖)

VIDEO: HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=5UFMKD3SPTY
 HOW TO CLEAR INTERNET
―HISTORY ‖
1.START MENU>>SETTINGS>>CONTROL PANEL>>DBL CLICK INTERNET
OPTIONS

2.CLICK ―CLEAR HISTORY‖

3.CLICK ―OK‖
 HOW TO CLEAR INTERNET
―TEMPORARY INTERNET ‖ FILES
1.START MENU>>SETTINGS>>CONTROL PANEL>>DBL CLICK INTERNET OPTIONS

2.CLICK ―DELETE FILES‖

3.PUT CHECK MARK IN ―DELETE ALL OFFLINE CONTENT‖

4.CLICK ―OK‖

5.CLICK ―OK‖ AGAIN

HOW TO RUN SCAN DISK AND DISK DEFRAGMENTER WITHOUT INTERRUPTION:

START MENU>>RUN >>IN RUN TYPE ―MSCONFIG‖ THEN CLICK ―OK

‘MSCONFIG’ WILL APPEAR

• SELECT ―SELECTIVE STARTUP‖ THEN

UNCHECK ―LOAD STARTUP GROUP ITEMS‖

• CLICK ―OK‖
CLICK YES TO RESTART COMPUTER

UPON RESTART

• START MENU>>SETTINGS>>CONTROL PANEL>>DBL CLICK DISPLAY

• SELECT THE ―SCREEN SAVER ‖ TAB

• CHANGE THE SCREEN SAVER DROP MENU TO ―NONE‖

• CLICK OK
• THEN PERFORM SCAN DISK:

• START MENU>>PROGRAMS>>ACCESSORIES>>SYSTEM TOOLS>>SCAN DISK

• AFTER SCAN DISK PERFORM DISK DEFRAGMENTER

• START MENU>>PROGRAMS>>ACCESSORIES>>SYSTEM TOOLS>>DISK DEFRAGMENTER

• SELECT WHICH DISK TO DEFRAGMENT THEN CLICK ―OK‖

• AFTER DISK DEFRAGMENTER

• START MENU>>RUN >>IN RUN TYPE ―MSCONFIG‖ THEN CLICK ―OK‖ MSCONFIG WILL APPEAR>>SELECT
―NORMAL START UP‖ AND CLICK ―OK‖
CLICK YES TO RESTART COMPUTER UPON RESTART

• START MENU>>SETTINGS>>CONTROL PANEL>>DBL CLICK DISPLAY

• SELECT THE ―SCREEN SAVER‖ TAB>>CHANGE THE SCREEN SAVER DROP MENU TO YOUR PREFERRED
SCREEN SAVER

• CLICK OK
REMOVING VIRUSES FROM INFECTED MACHINES

• COMPUTER VIRUS
• A VIRUS IS A DESTRUCTIVE EXECUTABLE PROGRAM
THAT INFECTS THE OTHER PROGRAMS IN THE SYSTEM
AND SPREADS BY REPLICATING ITSELF.

• SUCH A PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO DAMAGE THE VICTIM’S COMPUTER FILES.

• VIRUSES ARE CODED BY MALICIOUS PROGRAMMERS IN A WAY THAT THEY CAN SPREAD
IN THE SYSTEM WITHOUT ONE'S PERMISSION AND KNOWLEDGE.
DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF COMPUTER
VIRUS

• FINDER- SEARCHES FOR THE NEW UNINFECTED FILES AND THE

REPLICATOR- ACTUALLY TARGETS THESE FILES AND INFECTS IT BY MULTIPLYING
ITSELF.
HOW DO VIRUS AFFECTS A SYSTEM?

• IT CORRUPTS FILES
• IT SLOWS DOWN THE SPEED OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM
• IT CAUSES THE SYSTEM TO HANG FREQUENTLY
• IT DELETES VARIOUS FILES
SOURCES OF VIRUS
INFECTION
• A VIRUS CAN ENTER THE SYSTEM AND INFECT IT THROUGH VARIOUS
SOURCES. SOME OF THE SOURCES ARE

• INFECTED CDS, DVDS, PEN DRIVES, ETC

• E-MAIL
• BROWSING INFECTED SITES
• DOWNLOADING FILES FROM THE INTERNET
STEPS TO REMOVE VIRUSES

• REMOVING VIRUSES, THOUGH TECHNICAL, IS YET

• A VERY SIMPLE PROCESS IF ALL THE REQUIRED
• STEPS ARE PROPERLY FOLLOWED.
• THE BASIC STEPS ARE:
• BUY OR DOWNLOAD AN ANTIVIRUS SOFTWARE
INSTALL THE ANTIVIRUS SOFTWARE
• UPDATE ANTIVIRUS SOFTWARE WITH THE LATEST VIRUS DEFINITIONS
Do a complete system scan

• METHODS OF ELIMINATING VIRUSES

• REMOVING THE VIRUS – WHEN THE VIRUS CAN BE EASILY IDENTIFIED AND CAN BE REMOVED
WITHOUT AFFECTING OTHER FILES, THEN THE ANTIVIRUS REMOVES IT FROM THE HOST PLACE.

• QUARANTINE – THIS IS DONE WHEN THE VIRUS CANNOT BE EASILY IDENTIFIED REMOVED FROM
THE FILE AND THE REMOVAL OF VIRUS MEANS THE REMOVAL OF THE COMPLETE FILE. IN THIS
METHOD, ALTHOUGH THE VIRUS IS NOT ELIMINATED, IT IS RENDERED INACTIVE BY MOVING THE
FILE INTO "QUARANTINE" AND RENAMING IT.
TYPES OF VIRUSES AND EXAMPLES
• BOOT VIRUSES: THESE VIRUSES INFECT FLOPPY DISK BOOT RECORDS OR
MASTER BOOT RECORDS IN HARD DISKS. THEY REPLACE THE BOOT RECORD
PROGRAM (WHICH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR LOADING THE OPERATING SYSTEM IN
MEMORY) COPYING IT ELSEWHERE ON THE DISK OR OVERWRITING IT. BOOT
VIRUSES LOAD INTO MEMORY IF THE COMPUTER TRIES TO READ THE DISK
WHILE IT IS BOOTING.
EXAMPLES: FORM, DISK KILLER, MIC HELANGELO, AND STONE VIRUS

• PROGRAM VIRUSES: THESE INFECT EXECUTABLE PROGRAM FILES, SUCH AS

THOSE WITH EXTENSIONS LIKE .BIN, .COM, .EXE, .OVL, .DRV (DRIVER) AND .SYS
(DEVICE DRIVER). THESE PROGRAMS ARE LOADED IN MEMORY DURING
EXECUTION, TAKING THE VIRUS WITH THEM. THE VIRUS BECOMES ACTIVE IN
MEMORY, MAKING COPIES OF ITSELF AND INFECTING FILES ON DISK.
EXAMPLES: SUNDAY, CASCADE
• MULTIPARTITE VIRUSES: A HYBRID OF BOOT AND PROGRAM VIRUSES. THEY INFECT PROGRAM
FILES AND WHEN THE INFECTED PROGRAM IS EXECUTED, THESE VIRUSES INFECT THE BOOT
RECORD.
EXAMPLES: INVADER, FLIP, AND TEQUILA

• STEALTH VIRUSES: THESE VIRUSES USE CERTAIN TECHNIQUES TO AVOID DETECTION. THEY
MAY EITHER REDIRECT THE DISK HEAD TO READ ANOTHER SECTOR INSTEAD OF THE ONE IN
WHICH THEY RESIDE OR THEY MAY ALTER THE READING OF THE INFECTED FILE’S SIZE SHOWN
IN THE DIRECTORY LISTING. SIZE GIVEN IN THE DIRECTORY.
EXAMPLES: FRODO, JOSHI, WHALE

• POLYMORPHIC VIRUSES: A VIRUS THAT CAN ENCRYPT ITS CODE IN DIFFERENT WAYS SO THAT
IT APPEARS DIFFERENTLY IN EACH INFECTION. THESE VIRUSES ARE MORE DIFFICULT TO DETECT.

EXAMPLES: INVOLUNTARY, STIMULATE, CASCADE, PHOENIX, EVIL,

PROUD, VIRUS 101
• MACRO VIRUSES: A MACRO VIRUS IS A NEW TYPE OF COMPUTER VIRUS THAT INFECTS THE
MACROS WITHIN A DOCUMENT OR TEMPLATE. WHEN YOU OPEN A WORD PROCESSING OR
SPREADSHEET DOCUMENT, THE MACRO VIRUS IS ACTIVATED AND IT INFECTS THE NORMAL
TEMPLATE.
ANTIVIRUS SOFTWARE
• SOFTWARE DESIGNED TO CURE VIRUS INFECTED MACHINES. AN ANTIVIRUS IS
A PROGRAM THAT SEARCHES FOR, IDENTIFIES AND REMOVES POTENTIAL
VIRUSES EXISTING IN THE COMPUTER SYSTEM
EXAMPLES OF ANTI-VIRUS SOFTWARE:

• SYMANTEC NORTON ANTIVIRUS

• AVG ANTIVIRUS

• MCAFEE SCAN

• MICROSOFT ANTIVIRUS
BACK UP YOUR FILES

• AS OUR WORLD BECOMES MORE DIGITIZED, THE FILES WE STORE ON OUR

COMPUTERS ARE BECOMING INCREASINGLY MORE IMPORTANT. INSTEAD OF
KEEPING HANDWRITTEN LETTERS IN A SHOEBOX, WE CORRESPOND WITH
FAMILY MEMBERS USING E-MAIL. IF WE USE DIGITAL CAMERAS, WE OFTEN
KEEP OUR PHOTO ALBUMS ON OUR COMPUTERS.

• UNFORTUNATELY, COMPUTERS (AND PARTICULARLY THE HARD DISK DRIVES

THAT HOLD YOUR FILES) CAN FAIL. YOUR COMPUTER MIGHT RUN FOR A
DECADE WITH NO PROBLEMS, OR IT COULD FAIL TOMORROW—THERE'S NO
WAY TO TELL. TO MAKE SURE YOU DON'T LOSE IMPORTANT FILES IF YOUR
COMPUTER STOPS WORKING, YOU SHOULD BACK UP YOUR COMPUTER ON A
REGULAR BASIS. THE BACKUP PROCESS COPIES YOUR FILES TO A SAFE PLACE
SO THAT EVEN IF YOUR COMPUTER FAILS, YOU WON'T LOSE THEM.
CHOOSE BACKUP STORAGE
• IT DOESN'T MAKE SENSE TO BACK UP YOUR FILES TO THE HARD DISK DRIVE INSIDE YOUR COMPUTER,
BECAUSE IF YOUR COMPUTER WERE TO FAIL, YOU WOULD ALSO LOSE YOUR BACKUP. INSTEAD, YOU
SHOULD BACK UP YOUR FILES TO AN EXTERNAL HARD DISK DRIVE OR REMOVABLE DISK DRIVE, SUCH
AS A CD. IF YOUR COMPUTER DOES FAIL, YOU CAN THEN CONNECT THE EXTERNAL HARD DISK DRIVE
OR USE THE CDS TO RESTORE YOUR FILES TO YOUR NEW OR REPAIRED COMPUTER. (THIS ARTICLE
DESCRIBES HOW TO BACK UP YOUR FILES TO AN EXTERNAL HARD DISK DRIVE, WHICH IS THE EASIEST
WAY TO DO A FULL BACKUP OF ALL YOUR FILES. IF YOU DECIDE TO USE CDS, YOU'LL NEED TO CHOOSE
WHICH FILES TO BACK UP AND THEN MANUALLY INSERT AND REMOVE CDS AS THEY ARE FILLED.)

• IF YOU DECIDE TO GET AN EXTERNAL HARD DISK DRIVE, CHOOSE ONE THAT IS AT LEAST AS LARGE
AS THE HARD DISK DRIVE INSIDE YOUR COMPUTER. FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOUR COMPUTER HAS A 100-
GIGABYTE (GB) HARD DISK DRIVE, CHOOSE A 100-GB OR LARGER EXTERNAL HARD DISK DRIVE. THEN
CONNECT THE EXTERNAL HARD DISK DRIVE TO YOUR COMPUTER. MAKE A NOTE OF THE DRIVE
LETTER (SUCH AS E:, F:, OR G:) ASSIGNED TO YOUR NEW HARD DISK DRIVE.

• WITH AN EXTERNAL HARD DISK DRIVE, YOU CAN MANUALLY BACK UP YOUR FILES, OR YOU CAN
SCHEDULE AUTOMATIC WEEKLY BACKUPS
MANUALLY BACK UP YOUR FILES TO BACK UP YOUR FILES TO AN EXTERNAL HARD DISK DRIVE

• CLICK START, POINT TO ACCESSORIES, POINT TO

SYSTEM TOOLS, AND THEN CLICK BACKUP. IF THE
BACKUP OPTION DOES NOT APPEAR ON THE SYSTEM
TOOLS MENU, YOU CAN INSTALL IT.
THE BACKUP OR RESTORE WIZARD
APPEARS. CLICK NEXT.
ON THE BACKUP OR RESTORE PAGE, CLICK NEXT
ON THE WHAT TO BACK UP PAGE, CLICK ALL INFORMATION ON THIS COMPUTER, AND THEN CLICK NEXT.
ON THE BACKUP TYPE, DESTINATION, AND NAMEPAGE, CLICK CHOOSE A PLACE TO SAVE YOUR BACKUP, AND SELECT YOUR EXTERNAL HARD DISK DRIVE.

• THEN CLICK NEXT.

ON THE COMPLETING THE BACKUP OR RESTORE WIZARD PAGE, CLICK FINISH.
WINDOWS BACKUP SAVES A COPY OF YOUR FILES TO YOUR
EXTERNAL HARD DISK DRIVE. WHEN THE BACKUP IS COMPLETE,
CLICK CLOSE.
• IF YOUR COMPUTER STOPS RESPONDING, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO RESTORE YOUR FILES TO THE
STATE THEY WERE IN WHEN YOU COMPLETED THE BACKUP. HOWEVER, ANY NEW FILES YOU HAVE
CREATED AND ANY CHANGES YOU HAVE MADE TO EXISTING FILES SINCE THE BACKUP OCCURRED
WILL NOT BE SAVED UNLESS YOU BACK UP YOUR FILES AGAIN. FOR BEST RESULTS, BACK UP YOUR
FILES EVERY WEEK OR IMMEDIATELY AFTER CREATING IMPORTANT FILES, SUCH AS AFTER YOU COPY
PICTURES FROM YOUR DIGITAL CAMERA.

• FOR AN ADDITIONAL LAYER OF PROTECTION, PURCHASE A SECOND EXTERNAL HARD DISK DRIVE
AND PERFORM ANOTHER BACKUP OF YOUR HARD DISK DRIVE. STORE THIS EXTERNAL HARD DISK
DRIVE IN A DIFFERENT LOCATION, SUCH AS AT A FAMILY MEMBER'S HOUSE, TO PROTECT YOUR
FILES FROM THEFT, FIRE, OR NATURAL DISASTERS THAT MIGHT DAMAGE BOTH YOUR COMPUTER
AND YOUR BACKUP.
HOW TO CHANGE AN INSTALLED
PROGRAM
• NOTE YOU CANNOT USE THIS FEATURE TO MODIFY ALL PROGRAMS.
• YOU CAN USE THIS FEATURE TO CHANGE THE INSTALLATION OF WINDOWS
INSTALLERBASED PROGRAMS SUCH AS MICROSOFT OFFICE XP. WINDOWS
INSTALLER-BASED PROGRAMS INCLUDE A MAINTENANCE MODE OPTION. WITH
THIS OPTION, YOU CAN ADD OR REMOVE FEATURES, CHANGE THE
INSTALLATION STATE OF THE PROGRAM OR OF INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS, OR
REPAIR AND RESTORE THE INSTALLATION.
• TO CHANGE A PROGRAM, FOLLOW THESE STEPS:
• CLICK START, CLICK CONTROL PANEL, AND THEN DOUBLE-CLICK ADD OR
REMOVE PROGRAMS.

• IN THE CURRENTLY INSTALLED PROGRAMS BOX, CLICK THE PROGRAM

THAT YOU WANT TO REMOVE, AND THEN CLICK CHANGE OR
CHANGE/REMOVE.

• FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS THAT APPEAR ON THE SCREEN TO MAKE THE

CHANGES THAT YOU WANT. HOW TO REMOVE AN INSTALLED PROGRAM

•
• TO REMOVE A PROGRAM THAT IS INSTALLED ON YOUR COMPUTER, FOLLOW
THESE STEPS:

• CLICK START, CLICK CONTROL PANEL, AND THEN DOUBLE-CLICK ADD OR

REMOVE PROGRAMS.

• IN THE CURRENTLY INSTALLED PROGRAMS BOX, CLICK THE PROGRAM

THAT YOU WANT TO REMOVE, AND THEN CLICK REMOVE.

• IF YOU ARE PROMPTED TO CONFIRM THE REMOVAL OF THE PROGRAM, CLICK

YES.
TROUBLESHOOTING

• MAKE SURE THAT THE PROGRAM THAT YOU CLICK IN THE ADD OR REMOVE
PROGRAMS TOOL IS THE PROGRAM THAT YOU WANT TO REMOVE FROM YOUR
COMPUTER. SOME PROGRAMS MAY NOT PROMPT YOU TO CONFIRM THE
REMOVAL BEFORE THE PROGRAM IS REMOVED FROM THE COMPUTER.

• YOU CAN ONLY REMOVE A PROGRAM WITH THE ADD OR REMOVE PROGRAMS
TOOL IF THE PROGRAM IS WRITTEN FOR WINDOWS. IF YOU DO NOT SEE THE
PROGRAM THAT YOU WANT TO REMOVE IN THE CURRENTLY INSTALLED
PROGRAMS BOX, VIEW THE PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION FOR INSTRUCTIONS
ABOUT HOW TO REMOVE IT.
• SELF CHECK CO4.2-2 COMPUTER SYSTEMS MAINTENANCE
PROCEDURES

• ARRANGE THE PROCEDURES TO THEIR PROPER ORDER.

• HOW TO PERFORM DISK CLEAN UP:
• _____ START MENU>>PROGRAMS>>ACCESSORIES>>SYSTEM TOOLS>>DISK
CLEAN UP

• ______ PLACE CHECK MARKS IN ITEMS TO BE REMOVED CLICK ―OK‖

• ______ SELECT DRIVE TO CLEAN UP AND CLICK ―OK‖
• HOW TO CLEAR INTERNET ―HISTORY‖
• ______ CLICK ―OK‖
• ______ CLICK ―CLEAR HISTORY
• ______ START MENU>>SETTINGS>>CONTROL PANEL>>DBL CLICK INTERNET
OPTIONS

• PERFORM SCAN DISK:

• _____ SCAN DISK
• _____ START MENU
• _____ ACCESSORIES
• _____ PROGRAM
• _____ SYSTEM TOOLS