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LESSON 1 - FUNCTIONS AND EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONS

The document provides an overview of functions in mathematics, defining them as relations where each input corresponds to a unique output. It explains various representations of functions, such as mapping diagrams, tables, and graphs, and discusses operations on functions including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and composition. Additionally, it includes examples to illustrate the evaluation of functions and the determination of whether a relation is a function.

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Leira Izon
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14 views

LESSON 1 - FUNCTIONS AND EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONS

The document provides an overview of functions in mathematics, defining them as relations where each input corresponds to a unique output. It explains various representations of functions, such as mapping diagrams, tables, and graphs, and discusses operations on functions including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and composition. Additionally, it includes examples to illustrate the evaluation of functions and the determination of whether a relation is a function.

Uploaded by

Leira Izon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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General Mathematics

Functions, Evaluating
Functions and
Operation on Functions
Relation is a rule that relates values
from a set of values (Domain) to a
second set of values (Range).

 a set of ordered pair (x,y)


input, domain, abscissa, or
x independent variable

y output, range, ordinate, or


dependent variable
ONE TO ONE ONE TO MANY
MANY TO ONE MANY TO MANY
Function is a relation defined
as a set of ordered pairs (x, y)
where no two or more distinct
ordered pairs have the same first
element (x); that is, every value of x
corresponds to a unique value of y.
input, domain, abscissa, or
x independent variable

y output, range, ordinate, or


dependent variable
All functions are relations but not
all relations are functions.
Relations

Functions
Two General Features of a Function

1 One-to-One Functions

2 Many-to-One Functions
Three Ways
of
Representing Functions
Mapping Diagram

A mapping diagram consists of two parallel


columns and shows how the elements are
paired. The first column represents the domain
of a function and the other for its range. Lines or
arrows are drawn from domain to range, to
represent the relation between any two
elements.
Table of Values

A table of values is commonly observed when


describing a function. This shows the
correspondence between a set of values of
x and a set of values of y in tabular form.
Graph

Vertical Line Test


a graph represent a function if and only if each
vertical line intersects the graph at most once.
Function or Not
Determine whether each of the following
is a function or not.
a) f = {(0, -1), (2, -5), (4, -9), (6, -13)}
b) g = {(5, -10), (25, -75), (50, -100)}
c) T = {(-2,0), (-1, 1), (0, 1), (-2, 2)}
The examples given in (a) and (b) are
functions since no two ordered pairs
have the same value of x.

Example (c) is not a functions because


there are ordered pairs having the
same first element x.
Real-life Situations
Example:
Every person has a blood type.
To each human being
corresponds a birth date.
Every child has his/her own
biological mother.
Evaluation of a Function
Evaluating a function, it means
that replacing the variable in
the function, in the case of
f(x), x will be replaced by a
value from the function’s
domain and compute for the
result.
To denote that we are
evaluating f at some value x in
the domain of f, we write f(x).
Example: Let f be a function
defined by f(x) = 5x – 3. Find the
following:
a.f(-2)
b. f
c. f(4x + 2)
a. f(x) = 5x – 3
if f(-2)

f(-2) = 5(-2) – 3
f(-2) = -10 – 3
f(-2) = -13
b. f(x) = 5x – 3
if f

f = 5() – 3
f = –3
f=
c. f(x) = 5x – 3
if f(4x + 2)

f(4x + 2)= 5(4x + 2) – 3


f(4x + 2) = 20x + 10 – 3
f(4x + 2) = 20x + 7
Operation on Functions
Functions can be combined to
form new functions. This is
done by performing operations
on functions.

The following may be done: Let


f(x) and g(x) be functions and
any real number
Given two functions f and g
 Their sum, denoted by f + g, is the function
defined by (f + g) (x) = f(x) + g(x).
 Their difference, denoted by f - g, is the
function defined by (f - g) (x) = f(x) - g(x).
 Their product, denoted by f * g, is the function
defined by (f * g) (x) = f(x) * g(x).
 Their quotient, denoted by, is the function
defined by = .
Example: Given that f(x) = 2x2 + x –
3 and g(x) = x – 1, find the following
and determine the domain of the
resulting function.
a. (f + g) (x) c. (f * g) (x)
b. (f - g) (x) d.
a.(f + g) (x) = (2x2 + x – 3) + (x –
1)
= 2x2 + x + x – 3 – 1
= 2x2 + 2x – 4
b. (f - g) (x) = 2x2 + x – 3) - (x – 1)

= 2x2 + x – x – 3 + 1
= 2x2 - 2
c. (f * g) (x) = (2x2 + x – 3) (x – 1)
= 2x3 + x2 -3x -2x2 – x + 3
= 2x3 - x2 - 4x + 3
d. =
=
= 2x + 3
Composite Functions
A function made of
other functions, where
the output of one is the
input to the other.
Given two functions f and g, the
composite function, denoted by f ◦ g
(read as “f composed of g”), is
defined by (f ◦ g) (x) = f[g(x)].
Example:
If f(x) = 2x + 5 and g(x) = x +
3, find:
a. (f ◦ g) (x)
b. (f ◦ g) (2)
a. (f ◦ g) (x) = f[g(x)]
= 2(x + 3) + 5

= 2x + 6 + 5
= 2x + 11
b. (f ◦ g) (2) = f[g(2)]
= 2 (x + 3) + 5
= 2x + 6 + 5
= 2x + 11
= 2(2) + 11
= 4 + 11
= 15
Thank you!

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