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Ch 5 Acids, Bases and Salts

The document discusses the properties and examples of acids, bases, and salts, including their tastes and natural indicators like litmus, turmeric, and China rose. It explains the process of neutralization and its applications in everyday life, such as treating indigestion and soil treatment. Additionally, it provides a detailed table of various acids and bases along with their sources.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
9 views23 pages

Ch 5 Acids, Bases and Salts

The document discusses the properties and examples of acids, bases, and salts, including their tastes and natural indicators like litmus, turmeric, and China rose. It explains the process of neutralization and its applications in everyday life, such as treating indigestion and soil treatment. Additionally, it provides a detailed table of various acids and bases along with their sources.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CH 5

ACIDS, BASES AND


SALTS
BY: ANAMIKA CHAUHAN
TGT SCIENCE
K.V. IFFCO
GANDHIDHAM
TASTES OF SOME EDIBLE SUBSTANCES
S.NO. SUBSTANCE TASTE
(SOUR/ BITTER/ ANY
OTHER)
1 Lemon juice
2 Orange juice
3 Vinegar
4 Curd
5 Tamarind (imli)
6 Sugar
7 Common salt
8 Amla
9 Baking soda
10 Grapes
11 Unripe mango
12 Glucose
TASTES OF SOME EDIBLE SUBSTANCES
S.NO. SUBSTANCE TASTE
(SOUR/ BITTER/ ANY
OTHER)
1 Lemon juice Sour
2 Orange juice Sour/Sweet
3 Vinegar Sour
4 Curd Sour
5 Tamarind (imli) Sour
6 Sugar Sweet
7 Common salt Salty
8 Amla Sour
9 Baking soda Bitter
10 Grapes Sour/Sweet
11 Unripe mango Sour
12 Glucose Sweet
ACIDS AND BASES

• Curd, lemon juice, orange juice and vinegar taste SOUR.


• Such substances taste sour because they contain ACIDS.
• Chemical nature of such substances is ACIDIC.
• Substances which are bitter in taste and feel soapy on touching are
known as BASES.
• The nature of such substances is said to be BASIC.
• Example : Baking soda
S.NO. NAME OF ACID FOUND IN
1 Acetic acid Vinegar
2 Formic acid Ant’s sting
3 Citric acid Citrus fruits such as
oranges, lemons, etc.

4 Lactic acid Curd


5 Oxalic acid Spinach
6 Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) Amla, Citrus fruits
7 Tartaric acid Tamarind, grapes,
unripe mangoes, etc

All the acids mentioned above occur in nature


S.NO. NAME OF BASE FOUND IN
1 Calcium hydroxide Lime water
2 Ammonium hydroxide Window cleaner
3 Sodium hydroxide/ Potassium Soap
hydroxide
4 Magnesium hydroxide Milk of magnesia
INDICATORS

• Special type of substances are used to test whether a substance is


acidic or basic.
• These substances are known as INDICATORS.
• These indicators change their colour when added to a solution
containing an acidic or a basic substance.
• Examples : Turmeric, Litmus, China rose petals
NATURAL
INDICATORS
LITMUS
• Most commonly used natural indicator is litmus
• It is extracted from LICHENS

1. Distilled water + Litmus solution = PURPLE (Mauve) colour


2. Acidic solution + Litmus solution = RED colour
3. Basic solution + Litmus solution = BLUE colour
• It is available in the form of a solution, or in the form of strips of paper, known as
LITMUS PAPER
• It is available as RED and BLUE litmus paper
• The solutions which do not change the colour of either red or blue litmus are known
as NEUTRAL solutions. These substances are neither acidic nor basic.
• ACID + RED LITMUS PAPER = NO CHANGE
• BASE + RED LITMUS PAPER = BLUE
• NEUTRAL SOLUTION + RED LITMUS PAPER = NO CHANGE
• ACID + BLUE LITMUS PAPER = RED
• BASE + BLUE LITMUS PAPER = NO CHANGE
• NEUTRAL SOLUTION + BLUE LITMUS PAPER = NO CHANGE

ACID TURNS BLUE LITMUS TO RED


ASE TURNS RED LITMUS TO BLU
EXPERIMENT : https://youtu.be/Bnj2lpD0Z3w
S.NO TEST SOLUTION EFFECT ON EFFECT ON BLUE INFERENCE
. RED LITMUS LITMUS PAPER
PAPER
1 Lemon juice

2 Orange juice

3 Vinegar

4 Milk of magnesia

5 Baking soda

6 Lime water

7 Sugar

8 Common salt
S.NO TEST SOLUTION EFFECT ON EFFECT ON BLUE INFERENCE
. RED LITMUS LITMUS PAPER
PAPER
1 Lemon juice NO CHANGE RED ACIDIC

2 Orange juice NO CHANGE RED ACIDIC

3 Vinegar NO CHANGE RED ACIDIC

4 Milk of magnesia BLUE NO CHANGE BASIC

5 Baking soda BLUE NO CHANGE BASIC

6 Lime water BLUE NO CHANGE BASIC

7 Sugar NO CHANGE NO CHANGE NEUTRAL

8 Common salt NO CHANGE NO CHANGE NEUTRAL


TURMERIC

• Turmeric is a natural indicator obtained from turmeric


rhizome (root).
• It can be used as turmeric solution or as turmeric
paper.
• It is yellow in colour.
• In acidic solution, its colour remains unchanged, i.e.
YELLOW
• In basic solution, the yellow colour turns RED.

EXPERIMENT : https://youtu.be/Uzl8N91AVzM
S.NO. TEST SOLUTION EFFECT ON TURMERIC REMARKS
SOLUTION

1 Lemon juice

2 Orange juice

3 Vinegar

4 Milk of magnesia

5 Baking soda

6 Lime water

7 Sugar

8 Common salt
S.NO. TEST SOLUTION EFFECT ON TURMERIC REMARKS
SOLUTION

1 Lemon juice NO CHANGE ACIDIC

2 Orange juice NO CHANGE ACIDIC

3 Vinegar NO CHANGE ACIDIC

4 Milk of magnesia RED BASIC

5 Baking soda RED BASIC

6 Lime water RED BASIC

7 Sugar NO CHANGE NEUTRAL

8 Common salt NO CHANGE NEUTRAL


CHINA ROSE

• China rose is a natural indicator obtained


from petals of China rose flower.
• It is used as China rose solution.
• It is pink in colour.
• In acidic solution, its colour changes to DARK
PINK (MAGENTA)
• In basic solution, its colour changes to
GREEN.
S.NO NAME OF CHEMICAL EFFECT ON LITMUS EFFECT ON EFFECT ON CHINA
. PAPER TURMERIC PAPER ROSE SOLUTION
1 Dilute hydrochloric
acid
2 Dilute sulphuric acid

3 Dilute nitric acid

4 Acetic acid

5 Sodium hydroxide

6 Ammonium hydroxide

7 Calcium hydroxide
(Lime water)
S.NO NAME OF CHEMICAL EFFECT ON LITMUS EFFECT ON EFFECT ON CHINA
. PAPER TURMERIC PAPER ROSE SOLUTION
1 Dilute hydrochloric BLUE TO RED NO CHANGE MAGENTA
acid
2 Dilute sulphuric acid BLUE TO RED NO CHANGE MAGENTA

3 Dilute nitric acid BLUE TO RED NO CHANGE MAGENTA

4 Acetic acid BLUE TO RED NO CHANGE MAGENTA

5 Sodium hydroxide RED TO BLUE RED GREEN

6 Ammonium hydroxide RED TO BLUE RED GREEN

7 Calcium hydroxide RED TO BLUE RED GREEN


(Lime water)
NEUTRALISATION

• The reaction between an acid and base is known as NEUTRALISATION.


• Salt and water are produced in this process with the evolution of heat.
• ACID + BASE SALT + WATER (Heat is evolved)
• The following reaction is an example:
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) + Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Sodium chloride (NaCl) +
Water (H2O)

EXPERIMENT : https://youtu.be/XMcYHyWqMlM
NEUTRALISATION IN EVERYDAY LIFE

1. INDIGESTION
• Stomach contains hydrochloric acid
• It helps to digest food
• Too much acid causes indigestion which can be painful
• To relieve indigestion, we take an antacid such as MILK OF MAGNESIA
which contains MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE
• It neutralises the effect of excessive acid
2. ANT’S BITE
• When an ant bites, it injects the acidic liquid (FORMIC ACID) into the
skin.
• The effect of acid can be neutralised by rubbing moist BAKING SODA
(Sodium hydrogencarbonate) or CALAMINE SOLUTION which contains
zinc carbonate.
3. SOIL TREATMENT
• When the soil is too acidic , it is treated with bases like QUICK LIME
(Calcium oxide) or SLAKED LIME (Calcium hydroxide).
• If the soil is too basic, organic matter (compost) is added to it.
4. FACTORY WASTES
• Waste of factories contain acids.
• They are neutralised by adding basic substances.

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