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Cvs – Charts and Problem

The document outlines the cardiac cycle, detailing the sequence of electrical and mechanical events during a heartbeat, including phases such as atrial systole, ventricular systole, and diastole. It also discusses the role of baroreceptors in regulating heart function and blood pressure, as well as methods for measuring cardiac output using dye and Fick's principle. Key physiological events and their corresponding ECG waves are highlighted throughout the text.

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rgennur2
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6 views

Cvs – Charts and Problem

The document outlines the cardiac cycle, detailing the sequence of electrical and mechanical events during a heartbeat, including phases such as atrial systole, ventricular systole, and diastole. It also discusses the role of baroreceptors in regulating heart function and blood pressure, as well as methods for measuring cardiac output using dye and Fick's principle. Key physiological events and their corresponding ECG waves are highlighted throughout the text.

Uploaded by

rgennur2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CVS – CHARTS AND

PROBLEM
CARDIAC CYCLE

• Sequence of electrical and mechanical events


occurring in the heart during a single beat
• PHASES
Atrial systole
Atrial diastole
Ventricular systole
Ventricular diastole
ATRIAL SYSTOLE

Blood from atria enters the ventricle due to atrial


contraction
Completes ventricular filling – 20 %
Remaining 80 % happens passively
MAJOR EVENTS :
 Ventricular volume increases slowly
 Cause of P wave in ECG
 Atrial pressure exceeds more than ventricular
pressure
 Rush of blood produces S4
ATRIAL DIASTOLE

Atrial filling occurs


During ventricular systole
VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE

Phase of isovolumetric contraction


 Starts with closure of mitral valve
 Ends with opening of aortic valve
 Starts at peak of QRS complex
 S1
 Ventricular pressure rises – volume remains
constant
 Aortic blood flow is nil
Phase of ventricular ejection
 Rapid ejection phase
 Reduced ejection phase
RAPID EJECTION PHASE REDUCED EJECTION
PHASE
• Tension builds up
during isovolumetric • Both aortic and
contraction ventricular pressure
• Causing sudden decreases
opening of aortic valve • Decreased aortic blood
• Increased aortic blood flow
flow • T wave in ECG
• Decreased ventricular • Phase ends with
volume closure of aortic valve
• Corresponds to ST
segment
VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE

Phase of isovolumetric Relaxation


 Starts relaxation of ventricles
 Fall in ventricular pressure
 Btw closure of aortic valve and opening of
mitral valve
 Ventricular volume remains constant
 Ist half S2 is heard

Phase of ventricular filling


 Rapid filling phase
 Diastasis
RAPID FILLING PHASE DIASTASIS

• Filling of ventricles • Slow filling takes place


opens up rapidly • 80 % occurs passively
• Mitral valve opens
• LA to LV
• Rapid increase in
ventricular volume
Vicious cycle when the stimulus applied is
withdrawed or self terminated

- Parturition reflex
- The hogkins cycle
- Activation of digestive enzymes
- Coagulation of blood
BARORECEPTOR – AFFERENT PATHWAY
• 9TH CRANIAL NERVE – AFFERENT FROM CAROTID SINUS
• 10TH CRANIAL NERVE – AFFERENT FROM AORTIC ARCH
• DISTENTION OF THE BARORECEPTORS CAUSES FIRING

BARORECEPTOR – EFFERENT PATHWAY


 Innervate Heart and blood vessels
BARORECEPTOR – CENTRES

• MEDULLARY VASOCONSTRICTOR CENTER


VASOMOTOR CENTRE
CARDIAC INHIBITORY CENTRE
VASOMOTOR CENTER CARDIAC INHIBITORY CENTER

 Cause intense vasoconstriction  Causes bradycardia and decreased


and cardio acceleration cardiac output
 Increases the blood pressure  By increasing vagal activity
 Cause vasodilation and decrease in
BP
• CO=TOTAL AMOUNT OF DYE
INJECTED/MEAN CONC OF DYE X DURATION
(IN SEC) OF THE 1ST PASSAGE OF THE DYE
THROUGH THE ARTERY
• CO=5X60/1.5X 40 = 5L/MIN
• EVAN’S BLUE DYE IS USED BECAUSE IT IS
NEITHER SECRETED NOR ABSORBED.
• IT IS NOT TOXIC
• IT DOES NOT GET METABOLIZED.
• ACCORDING TO FICK’S PRINCIPLE
• CO=O2 CONSUMED BY WHOLE
BODY/ARTERIAL O2-VENOUSO2
• CO=250/19.5-14.5 X 100=5L/MIN
• STROKE VOLUME =CO/HR
•
=5000/100=50ML/MIN

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