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Lect 07

The document introduces programming concepts such as while loops, do-while loops, and for loops, explaining their syntax and providing examples. It also covers relational operators, increment and decrement operators, and compound assignment operators. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of comments in code for clarity.

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murtaza786sahito
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9 views

Lect 07

The document introduces programming concepts such as while loops, do-while loops, and for loops, explaining their syntax and providing examples. It also covers relational operators, increment and decrement operators, and compound assignment operators. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of comments in code for clarity.

Uploaded by

murtaza786sahito
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Programming
while loop
while (condition)
{
statements;
:
}
statements;
While loop executes zero
or more times. What if we
want the loop to execute
at least one time?
do-while
Do while loop execute
on
or more times
Syntax of do-while
loop
do
{
statements ;

}
while ( condition ) ;
Example-Guessing
game
char c ;
int tryNum = 1 ;
do
{
cout << "Please enter your guess by pressing a character key from
a to z “ ;
cin >> c ;
if ( c == 'z‘ )
{
cout << "Congratulations! you guessed the right answer“ ;
tryNum = 6 ;
}
else
tryNum = tryNum + 1 ;
} while ( tryNum <= 5 ) ;
Flow chart for do-while
loop

Do-while

Process

false
condition Exit

true
Relational
Operators
char c ;
int tryNum , maxTries ;
tryNum = 1 ;
maxTries = 5 ;
cout << "Guess the alphabet between a to z “ ;
cin >> c ;
while ( ( tryNum <= maxTries ) && ( c! = ‘z‘ ) )
{
cout << "Guess the alphabet
between a to z “ ;
cin >> c ;
tryNum = tryNum + 1 ;
}
for Loop
For loop

for ( initialization condition ; termination condition ; increment con


{
statement ( s ) ;
}
Example
int counter ;
for( counter = 0 ; counter < 10 ; counter = counter + 1 )
cout << counter;

Output
0123456789
Table for 2
2x1=2
2x2=4
2x3=6
:
:
2 x 10 = 20
Example - Calculate Table
for 2
#include <iostream.h>
main ( )
{
int counter ;
for ( counter = 1 ; counter <= 10 ; counter = counter + 1 )
{
cout << "2 x " << counter << " = " << 2* counter << "\n“ ;
}
}
Output
2 x1 = 2
2x2=4
2x3=6
:
:
2 x 10 = 20
Flow chart for the ‘Table’
example
Start

counter=1

While

No Exit
counter <=10?

yes

Print 2*counter

Counter =
counter + 1

Stop
Example: Calculate Table-
Enhanced
#include <iostream.h>
main ( )
{
int number ;
int maxMultiplier ;
int counter ;
maxMultiplier = 10 ;
cout << " Please enter the number for which you wish to construct the table “
;
cin >> number ;
for ( counter = 1 ; counter <= maxMultiplier ; counter = counter + 1 )
{
cout << number <<" x " << counter<< " = " << number * counter
<< "\n“ ;
}
}
 Always think re-use
 Don’t use explicit

constants
Increment
operator
++
 counter ++ ;
same as
 counter = counter + 1;
Decrement
operator
--

 counter -- ;
same as
 counter = counter - 1
+=
 counter += 3 ;
same as
 counter = counter + 3 ;
-=
 counter -= 5 ;
same as
 counter = counter – 5 ;
*=
x*=2
x=x*2
/=
x /= 2

x=x/2
Compound Assignment
Operators

operator=
%=
 x %= 2 ;
same as
 x=x%2;
Comments
 Write comment at the top
program to show what it does
 Write comments that mean
some thing
In today’s lecture
 Do - while
– Executes the code at least ones
 For loop
– Executes at least zero times
 Short hand operators
– Incrementing
– Decrementing
 Compound assignment operator

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