TOPIC :- WIRELESS AND

CELLULAR PHONES

CLASS :- FYBAF
SUBJECT :- BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
 INTRODUCTION
• A mobile phone (also called mobile cellular network, cell phone
or hand phone) is an example of mobile communication
(wireless communication).
• It is an electric device used for full duplex two way radio
telecommunication over a cellular network of base stations
known as cell site.
• The first handheld mobile phone was demonstrated by Martin
Cooper of Motorola in New York City in 1973, using a handset
weighing c. 2 kilograms (4.4 lbs). In 1979, Nippon Telegraph
and Telephone (NTT) launched the world's first cellular network
in Japan.
FEATURES
• The following are the features of mobile
communication:
• High capacity load balancing : Each wired or wireless
infrastructure must incorporate high capacity load
balancing. High capacity load balancing means,
when one access point is overloaded, the system will
actively shift users from one access point to another
depending on the capacity which is available.
• Scalability : The growth in popularity of new wireless
devices continuously increasing day by day. The
wireless networks have the ability to start small if
necessary, but expand in terms of coverage and
capacity as needed - without having to overhaul or
build an entirely new network.
• Network management system: now a day,
wireless networks are much more complex
and may consist of hundreds or even
thousands of access points, firewalls,
switches, managed power and various
other components. The wireless networks
have a smarter way of managing the
entire network from a centralized point
• Role based access control: role based access
control (RBAC) allows you to assign roles based
on what, who, where, when and how a user or
device is trying to access your network. Once the
end user or role of the devices is defined, access
control policies or rules can be enforced.
 ADVANTAGES
• Flexibility: Wireless communication enables the people to communicate with
each other regardless of location. There is no need to be in an office or some
telephone booth in order to pass and receive messages.
• Cost effectiveness: In wireless communication, there is no need of any
physical infrastructure (Wires or cables) or maintenance practice. Hence, the
cost is reduced.
• Speed: Improvements can also be seen in speed. The network connectivity
or the accessibility was much improved in accuracy and speed.
• Accessibility: With the help of wireless technology easy accessibility to the
remote areas is possible. For example, in rural areas, online education is now
possible. Educators or students no longer need to travel to far-flung areas to
teach their lessons.
• Constant connectivity: Constant connectivity ensures that people can
respond to emergencies relatively quickly. For example, a wireless device
like mobile can ensure you a constant connectivity though you move from
place to place or while you travel, whereas a wired landline can't.
• Freedom from wires: Can be configured
with the use of any physical connection.
• Easy to setup: Wireless network is easy to
expand and setup
• Better or global coverage: It provides
global reach by providing networking in
places such as rural areas, battlefields,
etc… where wiring is not feasible.
DISADVANTAGES
• As communication is done through open space, it is less secure.
• Unreliability
• More open to interference.
• Increased chance of jamming.
• Transmission speed is comparably less.
• it has a limited amount of bandwidth for communication and breaches
of network security.
• Wireless networks can be easily hacked.
• Wireless networks require a careful
radio frequency when they are
installed.
• Wireless networks are usually
inexpensive, but the cost of
installation is very high, setting up a
wireless network is very costly.
GENERATIONS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
1G
• This is the first generation of wireless telephone
technology, mobile telecommunications, which
was launched in Japan by NTT in 1979.
• The main technological development in this
generation that distinguished the First Generation
mobile phones from the previous generation was
the use of multiple cell sites, and the ability to
transfer calls from one site to the next site as the
user travelled between cells during a conversation.
• It uses analog signals.
• It allows the voice calls in one country.
 2G
• This is the second generation of mobile
telecommunication was launched in Finland in
1991.
• It was based on GSM standard.
• It enables data transmission like as text
messaging (SMS - Short Message Service),
transfer or photos or pictures (MMS ? Multimedia
Messaging Service), but not videos.
• The later versions of this generation, which were
called 2.5G using GPRS (General Packet Radio
Service) and 2.75G using EDGE (Enhanced data
rates for GSM Evolution) networks.
• It provides better quality and capacity.
 3G
• 3G is the third generation was introduced in early 2000s.
• The transmission of data was increased up to 2Mbits/s,
which allows you to sending or receiving large email
messages.
• The main difference between 3G and 2G is the use of
packet switching rather than circuit switching for data
transmission.
• Faster communication
• High speed web or more security
• Video conferencing
• 3D gaming
• TV streaming, Mobile TV, phone calls etc. are the features
of 3G.
 4G
• 4G is the fourth generation of mobile
telecommunication which was appeared in
2010.
• It was based on LTE (Long Term Evolution) and
LTE advanced standards.
• Offer a range of communication services like
video calling, real time language translation and
video voice mail.
• It was capable of providing 100 Mbps to 1Gbps
speed.
• High QoS (Quality of Service) and High security.
 5G
• It is refered to fifth generation wireless connection
which will be probably implemented by 2020, or
even some years earlier.
• Machine to machine communication can be possible
in 5G.
• 5G will be able to performs Internet of Things (IoT)
for smart home and smart city, connected cars etc.
• This generation will be based on lower cost, low
battery consumption and lower latency than 4G
equipment.
• There will be much fater transmission rate of data
to the previous versions. Thus the speed of 5G will
be 1Gbit/s.