BREAKTHROU

SCIENCE AND
GH IN
TECHNOLOGY
PRESSAND TECHNOLOGY
BREAKTHROUGH IN SCIENCE
Science and technology are key
drivers of modern change,
profoundly influencing economies,
health systems, industries,
infrastructure, and education.
Breakthroughs in biotechnology,
information communication
technology (ICT), and
nanotechnology have reshaped
practices and lives globally,
revolutionizing human tasks and
transforming daily life.
PRINTING PRESS
Invented by Johannes Gutenberg
in 1439, the printing press
revolutionized information
dissemination by enabling the
mass production of books. Its
impact led to the rapid spread of
knowledge, particularly in Western
Europe by 1500.
ELECTRICITY
These phenomena drove significant
advancements in the 17th and 18th
centuries, particularly for residential
and industrial applications.
Electricity powered innovations in
transportation, communication, and
computing by utilizing electric
charges to produce currents that
operate machines.
GINEELECTRIC
BATTERY
This device, developed
1800s by Alessandro
in the
Volta,
consists of electrochemical cells
that generate electricity to power
devices. Volta used zinc and silver
discs to produce sparks for
operating machines, addressing
the lack of continuous electricity
at the time.
STEAM ENGINE
Invented by James Watt between
1763 and 1775, this machine
powered factories, trains, and
ships during the Industrial
Revolution. It enabled mass
production in factories and
increased mobility, contributing to
the rise of cities and urbanization.
APH INTERNAL
COMBUSTION
Invented by Etienne Lenoir in
ENGINE
1859 and enhanced by Nikolaus
Otto in 1876, this engine converts
chemical energy into mechanical
energy for modern vehicles. It
releases high-temperature gas to
move a piston, powering
automobiles and aircraft.
ONE TELEGRAPH
Developed by Samuel Morse
between 1830 and 1840, this
device used Morse code for long-
distance communication. It
assigned dashes and dots to each
letter of the alphabet, allowing
complex messages to be sent
quickly via telegraph lines and
telegram offices.
TION TELEPHONE
Invented by Alexander Graham
Bell in 1876, the telephone
enabled electronic voice
transmission. Bell referred to it as
an "electrical speech machine." It
revolutionized business operations
and improved communication
across distances.
 VACCINATION
OBILE This is a means to eliminate
diseases and help in extending
human lifespan. In 1796, Edward
Jenner developed the first vaccine
against smallpox. Louis Pasteur
improved the practice of developing
vaccines in 1885. From his name
came the process pasteurization.
These curbed deaths caused by life-
threatening illnesses and greatly
reduced mortality rate. This
advancement in the practice of
medicine earned for Louis Pasteur
the title 'Father of Immunology'.
 AUTOMOBILE
ANE In 1885, Karl Benz created the
first practical motorcar after
developing a gasoline-powered
two-stroke piston engine in 1873.
This invention not only
transformed how people traveled
but also introduced the concept of
the assembly line in
manufacturing. It revolutionized
mobility, enabling faster
transportation of people,
products, and services from one
place to another.
LLIN AIRPLANE
In 1903, the Wright brothers,
Wilbur and Orville, created the
first successful airplane. This
"flying machine" made long-
distance travel fast and efficient.
It made human flight possible,
shrinking the world by allowing
people to travel thousands of
miles in just minutes and hours.
SSIONPENICILLIN
A major advancement in medicine
and health, penicillin is a drug
used to treat bacterial infections.
Discovered by Alexander Fleming
in 1928, it comes from a fungus
called Penicillium, which was later
purified and developed into a
highly effective treatment for
bacterial diseases.
CTORS
NUCLEAR FISSION
This process, developed by
Germans Otto Hahn and Fritz
Stassmann, involves splitting
atoms to release massive
amounts of energy. It led to the
creation of nuclear reactors and
atomic bombs.
LITE SEMICONDUCTORS
This innovation became the
foundation of "Silicon Valley."
Largely composed of silicon,
semiconductor devices were first
developed in 1947 by John
Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and
William Shockley.
SATELLITE
A satellite is a device launched
into space to orbit the Earth. The
first, Sputnik, was launched by
Russia on October 4, 1957. The
United States followed with
Explorer, launched on January 31,
1958. Satellite technology enables
instant communication worldwide,
transmitting signals to radio and
mobile devices. It also provides
precise location tracking through
Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
and detailed imagery from space.
PERSONAL
COMPUTER
Integrated computer systems
emerged around 1968, with
significant advancements in the
1970s that greatly enhanced
human capabilities. By 1983,
personal computers became
common for office use. Pioneer
companies such as Apple,
Microsoft, and IBM improved the
specifications and performance of
these machines.
THE INTERNET
The World Wide Web became an
interconnected network of computers starting
in the 1970s, leveraging fiber optics technology,
which dates back to 1956. This technology,
made from ultrapure glass, transmits light for
telecommunication purposes. By 1989, Tim
Berners-Lee developed the World Wide Web,
introducing the "Hypertext Markup Language"
(HTML) for creating web pages and the
"Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) for
identifying the locations where data is stored.
artIfIcIal
INTELLIGENCE
Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the
replication of human intelligence in machines.
These AI systems are designed to think and
behave like humans, capable of imitating
human actions and movements. The term AI
applies to any machine that demonstrates
characteristics of the human mind, including
cognitive abilities like learning and problem-
solving.
 THE HISTORY
COMPUTER
OF
TECHNOLOGY
QUIZ
TIME
1). This is a device made of electrochemical cells
and provides electricity to power electrical
devices.
A. Electricity
B. Artificial Intelligence
C. Telegraph
D. Electric Battery
2.) This was invented by James Watt around
1763 - 1775.
A. Steam Engine
B. Internal Combustion Engine
C. Telegraph
D. Telephone
3.) This was invented by an Etienne Lenoir,
an Engineer around 1859.
A. Artificial Intelligence
B. Satellite
C. Internal Combustion Engine
D. Personal Computer
4.) This is a means to eliminate diseases and
help in extending human lifespan.
A. Medicine
B. Internet
C. Automobile
D. Vaccination
5.) This is a device developed by Samuel
Morse
(1791-1872).
A. Vaccination
B. Internet
C. Telegraph
D. Semiconductors
6.) This was invented by Alexander Graham
Bell around 1876, this device facilitated
electronic voice transmission.
A. Telephone
B. Cellphone
C. Telegraph
D. Telegram
7.) The purpose of this drug is to cure
bacterial diseases.
A. Electricity
B. Steam Engine
C. Electric Battery
D. Penicillin
8.) It is the invention of the Wright brothers,
Wilbur and Orville .
A. Airplane
B. Helicopter
C. Telephone
D. Telegraph
9.) It is the simulation of human intelligence
in machines.
A. Electric Battery
B. Artificial Intelligence
C. Penicillin
D. Nuclear Fission
10.) This process splits atoms, which
consequently produces enormous energy.
A. Nuclear Bomb
B. Nuclear Fission
C. Automobile
D. Satellite
ANSWER :

1). D 6). A

2). A 7). D

3). C 8). A

4). D 9). B

5). C 10). B
THANK