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Protection-Relay-Commissioning-Ensuring-System-Reliability

The document discusses the commissioning of protection relays, emphasizing the importance of installation checks, functional testing, and system integration for ensuring system reliability. It outlines procedures for pre-commissioning checks, setting configuration, functional testing, and documentation, while also addressing common issues and solutions. Additionally, it highlights the significance of cyber security in protecting relays from vulnerabilities and threats, advocating for strong passwords, firmware updates, and adherence to security standards.

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Tesfalem Cherkos
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16 views16 pages

Protection-Relay-Commissioning-Ensuring-System-Reliability

The document discusses the commissioning of protection relays, emphasizing the importance of installation checks, functional testing, and system integration for ensuring system reliability. It outlines procedures for pre-commissioning checks, setting configuration, functional testing, and documentation, while also addressing common issues and solutions. Additionally, it highlights the significance of cyber security in protecting relays from vulnerabilities and threats, advocating for strong passwords, firmware updates, and adherence to security standards.

Uploaded by

Tesfalem Cherkos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Protection Relay

Commissioning: Ensuring
System Reliability
This presentation covers protection relay commissioning. Proper
commissioning is key for system reliability. The scope includes
installation checks, functional testing, and system integration. The
goal is to verify relay performance. The relay should align with
design specifications and safety standards.

by tesfalem cherkos
Pre-Commissioning Checks: Installation
Verification
Physical Inspection Wiring Verification Power Supply

Verify relay model, settings, and Conduct continuity and insulation Confirm correct voltage (e.g., 125V
location. Confirm relay type SEL- resistance tests. Insulation DC) and polarity. DC voltage within
751A installed at Substation A, resistance should be > 100 MΩ at ±10% tolerance.
Feeder 2. 500V DC.
Setting Configuration: Software and Parameters
Relay Programming Communication Time Synchronization
Upload configuration file and Test communication with SCADA Verify accurate time stamping
verify settings. For example, set and other relays. Verify using GPS or NTP server. Aim for
overcurrent protection (51) successful data exchange and time synchronization accuracy
pickup to 200A. remote control. within ±1ms.
Functional Testing:
Primary and Secondary
Injection
Secondary Injection
Simulate fault conditions using a test set (e.g.,
Omicron CMC356).

Verify Functions
Verify pickup, time delay, and tripping logic for
functions like overcurrent.

Primary Injection
(Optional) Inject actual fault current into the primary
circuit for real validation.
Trip Circuit Testing: End-to-End Verification

2 Breaker Operation

1
Trip Coil Monitoring

End-to-End Testing
3

Confirm proper operation of the breaker trip coil. Measure trip coil current within the specified range. Test breaker
opening and closing times. Simulate a fault to verify the correct breaker trips.
Documentation: Test Reports and Records
1 Test Reports 2 Calibration Records 3 As-Built Drawings
Detailed record of tests, Maintain records of test Update drawings to reflect
results, and discrepancies. equipment calibration. changes during
Include relay settings and Calibrate equipment annually. commissioning. Ensure
waveforms. accuracy.
Common Commissioning
Issues and Solutions

Incorrect wiring Incorrect settings SCADA or relay


causes relay cause nuisance communication
maloperation. Use a tripping. Double- failures.
polarity tester to check settings Troubleshoot
correct wiring. against coordination network
study. connections and IP
addresses.
Conclusion: Ensuring
Reliable Protection
Thorough Commissioning

Proper Testing

Ongoing Maintenance

Thorough commissioning is crucial. Proper testing and


documentation minimize risks. Ongoing maintenance maintains
performance. Commissioning is an investment in long-term
reliability.
Protection Relay Cyber
Security: An Overview
This presentation will cover protection relays and their critical role.
We will explore increasing cyber threats. It will cover the impact of
attacks and the need for cyber security.

by tesfalem cherkos
Understanding Protection Relays
Function Protocols

Protection relays safeguard power systems. They detect Key protocols include IEC 61850 and DNP3. These
faults and initiate circuit breakers. protocols enable communication.
Cyber Security Vulnerabilities
1 Weak Passwords 2 Outdated Firmware
Relays often use default Unpatched relays are
passwords. This is a major susceptible to exploits.
vulnerability. Timely updates are vital.

3 Lack of Encryption
Unencrypted communication is risky. Data can be intercepted
easily.
Threat Actors and
Attack Vectors

Nation-state actors Hacktivists seek to Insiders can cause


target infrastructure. disrupt grids. Their accidental damage.
They aim to cause motives are often Misconfigurations are
disruption. political. a risk.
Impact of Cyber Attacks

Malfunction Blackouts Damage


Relays may misoperate. This leads Cascading failures can occur. Equipment damage results. This
to system instability. Blackouts become widespread. leads to financial losses.
Mitigation Strategies

Strong Passwords 1 Firmware Updates


2

4
Intrusion Detection 3 Network Segmentation
Cyber Security Standards
1 NERC CIP

2 IEC 62443

3 NIST Framework
Conclusion
Cyber security for relays is vital. A layered approach is essential.
Continuous monitoring is important.

Collaboration enhances security. Training and awareness are needed.

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