BASKETBALL

Basketball
• Brief History
• Basic Skills
• Rules of the Game
• 1891: James Naismith invents basketball in Springfield,
Massachusetts, writing the first rules for the game.
• 1892: The first official basketball game is played at a
YMCA gymnasium in Albany, New York.
• 1932: The International Basketball Federation (FIBA) is
established in Geneva, Switzerland.
• 1936: Basketball becomes an Olympic sport, appearing
in the Berlin Summer Olympics. Brief History
• 1946: The Basketball Association of America (BAA), later
known as the NBA, is founded.
• 1949: The BAA merges with the National Basketball
League (NBL) to form the NBA.
• 1979: The NBA introduces the three-point line,
significantly impacting the game.
• 1992: The "Dream Team" of American basketball stars
dominates the Barcelona Olympics, further popularizing
the sport globally.
• 1997: The Women's National Basketball Association
(WNBA) is established.
Key points:
• Basketball was invented by James
Naismith.
• The NBA is the major professional
basketball league in the United States.
Brief History
• The three-point line was a major rule
change that added a new dimension to
the game.
• The 1992 US Olympic basketball team,
known as the "Dream Team",
significantly increased basketball's
popularity.
BASIC SKILLS
Basic basketball shooting skills include form
shooting, focusing on your target, and maintaining
a balanced stance.
Form shooting
 Develops proper shooting technique
 Helps players focus on hand positioning, SHOOTING
balance, and follow through
 Helps players consistently execute their shots
with precision
Focusing on your target Helps players improve
their accuracy.
Maintaining a balanced stance Helps players
improve their accuracy.
Following through with the shooting hand Helps
players improve their accuracy.
Practicing game-like scenarios
• Helps players prepare for any situation
on the court
Three-point shooting
• Helps players develop confidence when SHOOTING
shooting under pressure
• Helps players improve their shooting
technique
Training sessions
• Can help players refine their shooting
technique and increase their scoring
consistency
In shooting skill, you should remember
BEEF:
Balance
Eyes
Elbow SHOOTING
Follow through
SHOOTING
Dribbling
Basic basketball dribbling involves using your
fingers to control the ball while keeping your
head up and maintaining balance.
Dribbling tips
• Keep your head up: Stay focused on the game
and where your teammates are
• Use your fingers: Control the ball with your
fingertips, not your palm
• Dribble low: Keep your body low to the ground
for balance and stability
• Don't bounce the ball too high: This makes it
harder for defenders to steal the ball
Dribbling
• Use your body: Use your non-
dribbling arm to shield the ball
from defenders
• Don't dribble too much: Passing
is often quicker than dribbling
Passing
Passing in basketball is the act of throwing the ball to a
teammate. One player will try to pass the ball to their
teammate while the other player tries to steal the ball and take
it away. We are all aware that passing the ball successfully
among the players is one of the keys in a basketball game.
Chest Pass
A "chest pass" in basketball is a
fundamental passing technique
where a player holds the ball at
chest level with both hands,
then extends their arms to throw
the ball directly to a teammate's
chest, aiming for accuracy by
snapping their wrists at the
release point; it's considered one
of the most basic and essential
passing skills in the game.
Bounce Pass
A bounce pass in basketball is
a short pass that involves
stepping towards your target
and releasing the ball off your
fingers. It's a basic passing
technique that can help you
find teammates in crowded
areas.
Overhead Pass
To perform a basic
overhead pass in
basketball, you need to
keep your body square to
the ball, bring your hands
to your head, and make
contact with the ball
behind its path
R u le s o fth e G a m e

• Court Dimensions-
Equipment
• Duties of the Officials
• Players, Substitutes &
Coaches
• Definitions
• Scoring & Timing
• Putting Ball in Play,
Live/Dead Ball
• Shot Clock
• Out-of-Bounds & Throw-In
• Free Throws & Penalties
• Violations & Penalties
• Basket Interference,
Goaltending
• Fouls & Penalties
Court Dimensions- Equipment
Section I—Court and Dimensions

• The playing court shall be measured and marked as shown in the court (See below)

• A free throw lane shall be marked at each end of the court with dimensions and
markings as shown on the court diagram. All boundary lines are part of the lane;
lane space marks and neutral zone marks are not. The areas identified by the lane
space markings are 2” by 6” inches.

• A free throw line shall be drawn (2” wide) across each of the circles indicated in the
court diagram. It shall be parallel to the end line and shall be 15’ from the plane of
the face of the backboard.

• The three-point field goal area has parallel lines 3’ from the sidelines, extending
from the baseline and an arc of 23’9” from the middle of the basket which
intersects the parallel lines.

• Four hash marks shall be drawn (2” wide) perpendicular to the sideline on each
side of the court and 28’ from the baseline. These hash marks shall extend 3’ onto
the court.

• Two hash marks shall be drawn (2” wide) perpendicular to the baseline on each
Court Dimensions- Equipment
Section I—Court and Dimensions
• Four hash marks shall be drawn (2” wide) parallel to the baseline on each
side of the free throw circle. These hash marks shall be 13’ from the
baseline and 3’ from the free throw lane lines and shall be 6” in length.
• Two hash marks shall be drawn (2” wide) perpendicular to the sideline, in
front of the scorer ’s table, and 4’ on each side of the midcourt line. This
will designate the Substitution Box.
• A Restricted Area shall be marked with a half-circle 4’ from the center of
the basket ring and then parallel to the lane line to the face of the
backboard with a solid two-inch line.
Court Dimensions- Equipment
Section II—Equipment
• The backboard shall be a rectangle measuring 6’ horizontally and 3 ½’
vertically. The front surface shall be flat and transparent.
• A transparent backboard shall be marked with a 2” white rectangle
centered behind the This rectangle shall have outside dimensions of
24” horizontally and 18” vertically.
• Home management is required to have a spare board with supporting
unit on hand for emergencies, and a steel tape or extension ruler and a
level for use if necessary.
• Each basket shall consist of a pressure-release NBA approved metal
safety ring 18” in inside diameter with a white cord net 18” in length.
The cord of the net shall not be less than 30 thread nor more than 120
thread and shall be constructed to check the ball momentarily as it
passes through the basket.
Court Dimensions- Equipment
Section II—Equipment
• Each basket ring shall be securely attached to the backboard with its
upper edge 10’ above and parallel to the floor and equidistant from the
vertical edges of the board. The nearest point of the inside edge of the
ring shall be 6” from the plane of the face of the the ring shall be
painted orange.
• (1) The ball shall be an officially approved NBA ball between 7 ½ and 8
½ pounds pressure. (2) A minimum of nine balls must be made
available to each team for pre-game warmup.
• NBA arena backboards must contain four strips of red LED lights,
synchronized with the game clock, outlining the inside of the four sides
of the backboard to indicate the expiration of time and one strip of an
amber LED light to indicate the expiration of the shot clock.
Court Dimensions- Equipment
Duties of the Officials
The Game Officials
The game officials shall be a Crew Chief, Referee, Umpire and Replay
Center They will be assisted by an official scorer, two trained timers, and
courtside administrator. One timer will operate the game clock and the
other will operate the shot clock. The courtside administrator will be
stationed at the scorer’s table to facilitate communication between the
Replay Center Official, on-court game officials, official scorer, and other
personnel at the scorer’s table. All officials shall be approved by the
League Office.
Duties of the Officials
• The officials shall, prior to the start of the game, inspect and
approve all equipment, including court, baskets, balls,
backboards, timer’s and scorer’s equipment.
• The officials shall not permit players to play with any type of
jewelry.
• The officials shall not permit any player to wear equipment
which, in their judgment, is dangerous to other players. Any
equipment which is of hard substance (casts, splints, guards
and braces) must be padded or foam covered and have no
exposed sharp or cutting edge. All the face masks and eye or
nose protectors must be approved by NBA Basketball
Operations and conform to the contour of the face and have
no sharp or protruding edges.
Duties of the Officials
• The use of any foreign substance during games is strictly
prohibited. A “foreign substance” is any substance that is
applied during games to a player’s body, uniform or
equipment, or to any game equipment, that is designed or
intended to provide a player or a team with a competitive
advantage.
• All equipment used must be appropriate for basketball.
Equipment that is unnatural and designed to increase a
player’s height or reach, or to gain an advantage, shall
not be used.
• The officials must check the game balls to see that they are
properly inflated. The recommended ball pressure should be
between 7 ½ and 8 ½ pounds.
Duties of the Officials
• The crew chief shall be the official in charge.
• The Replay Center Official will make the final ruling on all
replays, except for Flagrant Fouls and Altercations.
• If a coach desires to discuss a rule or interpretation of a rule
prior to the start of a game or between periods, it will be
mandatory for the officials to ask the other coach to be
present during the discussion. The same procedure shall be
followed if the officials wish to discuss a game situation with
either coach.
• The designated official shall toss the ball at the start of the
game. The crew chief shall decide whether or not a goal shall
count if the officials disagree, and he shall decide matters
upon which scorers and timers disagree.
Duties of the Officials
• All officials shall enter the court prior to the 15-minute mark
on the game clock to observe the warm-up period and report
to the league office any atypical situations and to review
scoring and timing procedures with table personnel.
• The crew chief must check the Active List prior to the start of
the game.
• Officials must meet with team captains prior to the start of the
game.
• Officials must report any atypical or unique incident to the
Basketball and Referee Operations Departments by e-mail.
Flagrant, punching, fighting fouls or a team’s failure to have
eight players to begin the game must also be reported.
Duties of the Officials
• The officials shall have the power to make decisions on any point not
specifically covered in the rules. The League Office will be advised of all
such decisions at the earliest possible moment.
Different Decisions By Officials
The crew chief shall have the authority to set aside or question decisions
regarding a rule interpretation made by either of the other officials.
If two officials give conflicting signals as to who caused the ball to go out-of-
bounds, they will conference and reconstruct the play in an attempt to make
the correct call. If no resolution is reached, a jump ball will be signaled
between the two players involved at the nearest circle. If the two players
cannot be identified, the jump ball shall be administered at the center circle
between any two opponents in the game. If one official signals and another
official clearly knows the call is incorrect, they should conference and the
calling official may change the call on the information given. However, if
both officials are adamant about their ruling, a jump ball should be held
similar to above.
Duties of the Officials
EXCEPTION: Last two minutes of fourth period and last two minutes of
overtime. (See Rule 13—Section I—a—(7))
In the event that a violation and foul occur at the same time, the foul
will take precedence.
Double Foul (See Rule 12B—Section VI—f).
If the two officials differ on a block/charge foul involving the restricted
area and/or lower defensive box, they will conference and share
information in an attempt to make the correct If no resolution is
reached it will be treated as a double foul (See Rule 12B— Section VI
—f).
EXCEPTION: Last two minutes of fourth period and last two minutes of
overtime. (See Rule 13—Section I—a—(12))
Duties of the Officials
Time and Place for Decisions
The officials have the power to render decisions for infractions of
rules committed inside or outside the boundary lines. This
includes periods when the game may be stopped for any reason.
When a personal foul or violation occurs, an official will blow
his/her whistle to terminate play. The whistle is the signal for the
timer to stop the game If a personal foul has occurred, the official
will indicate the number of the offender to the official scorer, the
type of foul committed and the number of free throws, if any, to be
attempted or indicate the spot of the throw-in. If a violation has
occurred the official will indicate (1) the nature of the violation by
giving the correct signal (2) the number of the offender, if
applicable (3) the direction in which the ball will be advanced.
Duties of the Officials
Time and Place for Decisions
When a team is entitled to a throw-in, an official shall clearly
signal (1) the act which caused the ball to become dead (2) the
spot of the throw-in (3) the team entitled to the throw-in, unless
it follows a successful field goal or free throw.
When a whistle is erroneously sounded, whether the ball is in a
possession or non- possession status, it is an inadvertent
whistle and shall be interpreted as a suspension- of-play.
An official may suspend play for any unusual circumstance
Duties of the Officials
Correcting Errors
A. Free Throws
Officials may correct an error if a rule is inadvertently set aside
and results in the following:
A team not shooting a merited free throw that will remain in
play.
EXCEPTION: If the offensive team scores or shoots earned free
throws as a result of a personal foul prior to possession by the
defensive team the error shall be ignored if more than 24
seconds has expired.
Duties of the Officials
Correcting Errors
A. Free Throws
A team not shooting a merited free throw that will not remain in play. The
error shall be corrected, all play shall stand and play will resume from the
point of interruption with the clocks remaining the same.
A team shooting an unmerited free throw.
Permitting the wrong player to attempt a free throw.
Officials shall be notified of a possible error at the first dead ball.
Errors which occur in the first or third periods must be discovered and
rectified prior to the start of the next period.
Errors which occur in the second period must be discovered and the scorer’s
table notified prior to the officials leaving the floor at the end of the The
error(s) must be rectified prior to the start of the third period.
Duties of the Officials
Correcting Errors
A. Free Throws
Errors which occur in the fourth period or overtime(s) must be
discovered and rectified prior to the end of the period.
The ball is not in play on corrected free throw attempt(s). Play
is resumed at the same spot and under the same conditions
as would have prevailed had the error not been discovered.
All play that occurs is to be nullified if the error is discovered
within a 24-second time The game clock shall be reset to the
time that the error occurred.
EXCEPTION (1): Acts of unsportsmanlike conduct and all
flagrant fouls, and points scored therefrom, shall not be
nullified.
Duties of the Officials
Correcting Errors
A. Free Throws
EXCEPTION (2): If the error to be corrected is for a free throw
attempt where there is to be no line-up of players on the free
throw lane (technical foul, defensive three seconds, flagrant
foul, clear path-to-the-basket foul, punching foul, away-from-
the-play foul) the error shall be corrected, all play shall stand
and play shall resume from the point of interruption with the
clocks remaining the same.
Duties of the Officials
Lineup Position
In any jump ball situation, if the jumpers lined up incorrectly,
and the error is discovered:
After more than 24 seconds has elapsed, the teams will
continue to shoot for that basket for the remainder of that half
and/or If the error is discovered in the first half, teams will
shoot at the proper basket as decided by the opening tap for
the second half.
If 24 seconds or less has elapsed, all play shall be nullified.
EXCEPTION: Acts of unsportsmanlike conduct, all flagrant
fouls, and points scored therefrom, shall not be nullified and
play will resume from the original jump ball with players
facing the proper direction.
Duties of the Officials
Throw-In
If the second, third or fourth period or any throw-in begins
with the wrong team being awarded possession or the teams
facing in the wrong direction, and the error is discovered:
after 24 seconds has elapsed, the error cannot be corrected.
with 24 seconds or less having elapsed, all play shall be
nullified.
EXCEPTION: Acts of unsportsmanlike conduct, all flagrant
fouls, and points scored therefrom, shall not be nullified.
Duties of the Officials

Record Keeping

A record keeping error by the official scorer which involves the

score, number of personal fouls, team fouls and/or timeouts
may be corrected by the officials at any time prior to the end
of the fourth period. Any such error which occurs in overtime
must be corrected prior to the end of that period.
Duties of the Officials

Record Keeping

A record keeping error by the official scorer which involves the

score, number of personal fouls, team fouls and/or timeouts
may be corrected by the officials at any time prior to the end
of the fourth period. Any such error which occurs in overtime
must be corrected prior to the end of that period.