TEACHING AND LEARNING

MATERIALS IN TEACHING
EPP/TLE

JOHN PATRICK ARCITE

 Teaching Learning Materials
• Teaching Learning Materials (TLMs) are educational
materials that teachers use in classroom to support
specific learning objectives, as set out in their lesson plans
or daily lesson log.
• The terms learning resource, learning aid, manipulatives
and open educational resources (OER) refers to TLMs.
• Teaching materials are the aids used by the facilitator to
help him/her in facilitating his/her lesson effectively.
• Learning materials are the aids used by the learner to
help him/her learn effectively.
• When teachers use a uniform learner's material, they
assume that all students have the same learning styles
and learning outcomes which must not be the case
because they should account for inclusion and diversity in
the classroom (Voltz, Sims, & Nelson, 2010).
• An education research in Ghana and across sub-Saharan
Africa provides evidence that TLMs are an important part
of a productive learning environment: The use of TLMs
helps pupils learn better.
• Teaching materials are the aids used by the facilitator to
help him/her in facilitating his/her lesson effectively.
• Learning materials are the aids used by the learner to
help him/her learn effectively.
• When teachers use a uniform learner's material, they
assume that all students have the same learning styles
and learning outcomes which must not be the case
because they should account for inclusion and diversity in
the classroom (Voltz, Sims, & Nelson, 2010).
• An education research in Ghana and across sub-Saharan
Africa provides evidence that TLMs are an important part
of a productive learning environment: The use of TLMs
helps pupils learn better.
 What are the benefits, aims and
characteristics of TLMs?
1. TLMs attract the attention/interest of pupils: TLMs
can make the classroom lively and active, and can add
variety and excitement to a subject. Pupils will learn better
when they are motivated and interested.
2. TLMs clarify abstract ideas: Teachers can clarify
abstract or conceptual subject matter more easily through
a model or picture/diagram. By making abstract ideas
more concrete, pupils’ understanding and learning will
improve.
 What are the benefits, aims and
characteristics of TLMs?
3. TLMs allow pupils to practice and apply new skills:
TLMs that require pupils to ‘do’ requires pupils to take new
knowledge/skills and apply it/them. The process of ‘doing’ (as
opposed to simply memorizing facts) makes learning
interesting and meaningful.
4. TLMs help pupils remember more: TLMs helps pupils to
retain content by allowing them to relate new ideas to their
environment or through a memorable experience of ‘doing’.
 What are the benefits, aims and
characteristics of TLMs?
5. TLMs make teachers’ work easier: By using TLMs,
teachers do not have to stand at the board and talk for a
long time. Instead, TLMs allow pupils to do interactive and
independent learning. They supplement and reinforce
content that teachers provide, and they encourage a healthy
classroom environment.
 Learner’s Resource (LR)
is any educational resource with a learning purpose and
must be aligned to the K to 12 Curriculum. This resource is
designed to be used directly by the student learners and or
integrated into teacher-developed lesson plans.
 A. Print-based Learning
Resources
• Activity Sheets (AS) are consumable learning resources with
practice exercises for learners to work on.
• Workbook is a compilation of worksheets used by the learners to
practice what they are learning in a class.
• Modules are learning resources that provide course materials in a
logical, sequential order, guiding the learners through the content
and assessments in the order specified by the learning facilitators. It
is conceptualized as a self-contained, self-instructional, self-paced,
interactive learning resource for learning a specific topic or lesson.
 A. Print-based Learning
Resources
• Storybook is a developed contextualized teacher-made reading learning
resource that support the implementation of the Mother Tongue Based
Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) and development of literacy domains in the
K to 12 Curriculum.
• Strategic Intervention Materials (SIMS) meant to re-teach the concept/s
and skill/s. It is a material given to the learners to help them master a
competency- based skill which they were not able develop during regular
classroom teaching (Bunagan, 2012).
• Learner’s Materials (LMs) is a prototype learning resource that is completely
and sufficiently developed based on the prescribed learning competencies and
curriculum standards for a specific grade level in a target subject area.
 A. Print-based Learning
Resources
• Storybook is a developed contextualized teacher-made reading learning
resource that support the implementation of the Mother Tongue Based
Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) and development of literacy domains in
the K to 12 Curriculum.
• Strategic Intervention Materials (SIMS) meant to re-teach the
concept/s and skill/s. It is a material given to the learners to help them
master a competency- based skill which they were not able develop during
regular classroom teaching (Bunagan, 2012).
• Learner’s Materials (LMs) is a prototype learning resource that is
completely and sufficiently developed based on the prescribed learning
competencies and curriculum standards for a specific grade level in a
target subject area.
 A. Print-based Learning
Resources
• Reader is a comprehensive but brief learning resource that
provides authoritative information on a specific topic representing
the best example of knowledge in a discipline and presentation of
specific ideas of authors with different perspectives. A reader is
used by learners to read, reflect, and respond. Materials are
already written about the topics and are available.
• Learning Tools And Equipment (LTE) are the constructed
prototypical tools or equipment patterned to an object which can
be used in the teaching-learning processes to help improve
learning outcomes.
 A. Print-based Learning
Resources
• Model is a reproduction of a real object in a small scale,
large scale or exact size but made of synthetic, indigenous
and/or recycled materials. It is a substitute for a real
object which may or may not be operational (adapted from
Brown, et al 1969).
• Diorama is a three-dimensional representation of events,
ideas or concepts either in miniature or a large-scale by
placing objects, figures, etc., against a scenic background.
 A. Non-Print-based Learning
Resources
• Non-Print (Types of Media) Digital Presentation (Audio
Video presentation, Slides, Audio Materials), Digital
Interactive (Learning Platform, Interactive presentation),
Realia
 B. Non-Print-based Learning
Resources
• Non-Print (Types of Media) Digital Presentation (Audio
Video presentation, Slides, Audio Materials), Digital
Interactive (Learning Platform, Interactive presentation),
Realia
C. Charts
• C. Charts (Posters, Drill/Flashcards,
Manipulatives)
Teaching Resource (TR)
• Teaching Resource (TR) is any educational
resource digital or non-digital that supports
teachers in curriculum development, delivery and
pedagogy or teacher trainers in the delivery of
professional development programs.
• Daily Lesson Log, Daily Lesson Plan, Lesson
Exemplar
A. Professional Development
Material (PDM)
• A. Professional Development Material (PDM) is any
digital or non-digital education training and development
resource or program designed with a training and
development purpose. Such programs may contain or
reference LRs and TRs
A. Professional Development
Material (PDM)
• Manual contains step-by-step instructional procedures in the development of a
skill. (e.g. Professional Development Workbook & Professional Development
Activities for Teachers)
• Alternative Delivery Modules Or Self-learning Modules (SLMs) is a self-
contained, self-instructional, self-paced, and interactive learning resources for
public schools intended for learning a specific topic or lesson. SLMs have been
used by DepEd for its ADMs during disasters or in situations where learners have
difficulty for daily school attendance. Covid-19 has compelled the use of SLMs on a
large scale.
• Teacher’s Guide (TG) is a prototype K to 12 teacher’s resource with learning
objectives, suggested teaching-learning strategies, developmental activities, and
evaluative measures that complement with the contents of the accompanying
Learner’s Material for a specific grade level in a specific subject area.
What is DLL?
• A Daily Lesson Log (DLL) is a standard template that covers
a week’s worth of lessons in one tabular format and contains
the following parts: Objectives, Content, Learning Resources,
Procedures, Remarks and Reflection. The use of a DLL
supports teachers in upholding quality education standards
and helps them plan lessons efficiently and effectively.
• DLLs are used by teachers with at least one year teaching
experience, including teachers with prior experience in
private schools or higher education institutions.
What is DLP?
• Detailed Lesson Plan (DLP) DLLs are used by teachers with at
is a teacher’s “roadmap” for a lesson. It contains a detailed
description of the steps a teacher will take to teach a particular
topic. A typical DLP contains the following parts: Objectives,
Content, Learning Resources, Procedures, Remarks and Reflection
• Only newly-hired teachers without professional teaching
experience are required to prepare Detailed Lesson Plans (DLPs)
for a year. Teacher applicants as well as the teachers in the service
including Master Teachers who will conduct demonstration
teaching shall berequired to prepare DLP.