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chapter 1

The document introduces object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts, contrasting them with procedure-oriented programming (POP). It outlines the types of computer languages, programming paradigms, and the advantages and disadvantages of both POP and OOP. Additionally, it explains the four main principles of OOP: encapsulation, inheritance, data abstraction, and polymorphism, along with their differences from one another.

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Neeraj Kumar
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

chapter 1

The document introduces object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts, contrasting them with procedure-oriented programming (POP). It outlines the types of computer languages, programming paradigms, and the advantages and disadvantages of both POP and OOP. Additionally, it explains the four main principles of OOP: encapsulation, inheritance, data abstraction, and polymorphism, along with their differences from one another.

Uploaded by

Neeraj Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter -1

Introduction to object oriented


programming concept
Computer Language:
A computer language can be defined as a set of codes and
symbols that are used to write computer programs. It is also known
as a programming language.

There are mainly two types of computer language:


•Low –Level –Language (LLL)
A low level language is a programming language that is
machine dependent. Assembly and machine language also known as
LLL.
•High –Level –Language (HLL)
A high level language is a programming language that are
used to write program by programmer that are machine
independent. Some example of HLL: Java, C#, .Net, C++ etc
Programming Paradigms:
It is a programming way that are mainly two
types.
(i) Procedure-Oriented programming(POP)
(ii) Object-Oriented programming(OOP)

(i) Procedure-Oriented programming(POP) :


POP follows a top down approach that
divides the whole problem into smaller
programs known as functions or methods
and it gives step – by – step instructions to
execute.
Example: FORTRAN, COBOL, QBASIC etc
Advantages:
• It is easy to follow the path of program flow.
• A smaller amount of memory is required than other type of
coding.
Disadvantages:
• It is hard to correlate with real world object.
• It has global data sharing of functions. If any part of the code
is changed
then it is necessary to make change in all programs where
that function
is used.
(ii) Object-Oriented Programming(OOP):
A programming model that depends on the classes and
objects, and gives importance to data rather than function is
known as OOP.
Example: java, C++, C#, .Net, Python etc
Advantages:
• It uses the concept of re-usability.
• Maintaining and modifying code is much easy.
• Inheritance can be used to avoid data
redundancy.
Disadvantages:
• It require more space than POP.
• It require intensive testing.
Difference B/W POP and OOP:
POP OOP

It divides the program It divides the program


into small parts known as into objects.
method.
Example: C++, java, C++, It follows a bottom-up
C# etc approach.

It is less secure. It is more secure


Example: C, COBOL,
FORTRAN etc
Principles of OOP:
There are mainly four principles of OOP paradigm.
(i) Encapsulation (ii) Inheritance
(iii) Data Abstraction (iv) Polymorphism
(i) Encapsulation :
It is one of the main concept in OOP. It is
also called “information hiding”. Means the
wrapping up of data members and methods
together into a single u nit is called
encapsulation.
Example: Methods and variables are enclosed within a unit
called class.
(ii) Inheritance :
Inheritance is the property which allows a
child class to inherit some properties from its
parent class. In java this is achieved by using
extends keyword. The properties with access
modifier public and protected can be accessed
in child class.
Example:
(iii) Data Abstraction :
It is the property by which the essential
features of a class are represented without
informing about the background details. The
non-essential units are hidden from the user.
The main purpose of data abstraction is t o
reduce the complexity of a program.
(iv) Polymorphism :
It comes from the Greek words “poly” means
many and “morphe” means forms. It means when one
task is performed by different ways i.e. known as
polymorphism.
Example:

Difference between Abstraction and Encapsulation:


Abstraction Encapsulation
It is about hiding unwanted The methods and data are kept
details in a single unit
Abstraction focuses on what the It hide internal details of how an
information object must contain. object does something for
security reasons.
Issues at design level can be Issues at implementation level
solved can be solved

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