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The-Intermediate-Value-and-the-Extreme-Value-Theorems

This document covers the Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT) and the Extreme Value Theorem in calculus, illustrating their applications through examples. It explains that a continuous function over a closed interval guarantees the existence of values between the function's endpoints and that such functions will have absolute maximum and minimum values. Exercises and challenges are provided to reinforce understanding of these concepts.

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5 views

The-Intermediate-Value-and-the-Extreme-Value-Theorems

This document covers the Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT) and the Extreme Value Theorem in calculus, illustrating their applications through examples. It explains that a continuous function over a closed interval guarantees the existence of values between the function's endpoints and that such functions will have absolute maximum and minimum values. Exercises and challenges are provided to reinforce understanding of these concepts.

Uploaded by

archer0013
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC

CALCULUS
Limits
and
Continui
ty
CHAPTER 1
More on
Continuity
LESSON 4
LEARNING
OUTCOME/S
• Illustrate the
Intermediate Value
and Extreme Value
Theorems
• solves problems
involving continuity
of a function
The
Intermediate
Value and the
Extreme
Value
Theorems

TOPIC 4.2:
Theorem 4:
The Intermediate Value
Theorem (IVT)
If a function is
continuous over a
closed interval ,
then for every
value between
and , there is at
least one value
The phrase “at least one value 𝑐 on [𝑎, 𝑏]”
is illustrated in the figure below.
EXAMPLE 1:

the value(s) of 𝑐.
Consider the function such that Find
Solution:

Step 1: Determine if the function


is continuous on .

Since it is a linear function, we


know it is continuous everywhere.
Step 2: Determine if is between 𝑓(1)
and 𝑓(5).

Since 𝑓(𝑐) = is between 𝑓(1) = −3 and 𝑓(5) = 5,


IVT holds true
Step 3: Determine the value of 𝑐 where 𝑓(𝑐) =

Indeed,
EXAMPLE 2:

such that Find the value(s) of 𝑐.


Consider the polynomial function
SOLUTION:

1.Determine if the function is


continuous on [-1.5, 4].

Since is a polynomial function that is


continuous everywhere.
2. Determine if 𝑓(𝑐) = 1 is between
𝑓(−1.5) and 𝑓(4).

Since 𝑓(𝑐) = 1 is between 𝑓() = − and


𝑓(4) = 11, IVT holds true.
3. Determine the value of 𝑐 where 𝑓(𝑐) = 1.
EXTREME VALUE THEOREM
A function continuous over a closed
interval [a,b] must gave both an absolute
maximum and an absolute minimum
value at points in [a,b] .

An extreme value of , or extrema, is the


absolute minimum and maximum values.
EXAMPLE 3:
Consider Example 1. Observe that on [1,5]
exhibits the extrema at the endpoints:
EXAMPLE 4:
Determine the extrema of
on the interval .
SOLUTION:
1. Draw the graph of the function on the interval [−2, 3].
2. Locate the lowest and highest points in the
graph.

We can see that the lowest point is at (0, −1)


and the highest point is at the endpoint (3, 8)
minimum value of −𝟏 at 𝒙 = 𝟎
Thus, the function has a

and a maximum value of 8 at 𝒙


= 𝟑.
EXERCISES
1. Show by IVT that in there is a number
in such that Find the value(s) of c.

2. Determine the extrema of on the


interval [1,4]
Challenge Yourself!!! (5 chips
each)
1. A motorist starts from rest and drive at a constant speed
of 40 kph from city A to city B for 5 hours.
Using the intermediate value theorem, determine if the
motorist will reach a distance of 180 km within 5 hrs.

2. Let 𝐴(𝑥) be the area of a rectangle with a perimeter of


100 units and 𝑥 be its width. At which value of 𝑥 will 𝐴( 𝑥)
have a maximum value? What is the maximum area of the

Hint: Express 𝐴(𝑥) in terms of the width of the rectangle


rectangle?

using 𝑃 = 2(𝑙 + 𝑤), where 𝑃 = 100 units.


PERFORMANCE TASK # 11

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