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Lesson 5 - Democrarcy

Democracy, derived from Greek meaning 'people' and 'power', is a government form where supreme power resides with the people, exercised directly or through elected representatives. It includes various types such as parliamentary, Jeffersonian, Jacksonian, and social democracy, each with distinct characteristics and principles. Democratic practices emphasize participation, equality, and civil rights, allowing citizens to influence governance through mechanisms like suffrage and public assembly.

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5 views40 pages

Lesson 5 - Democrarcy

Democracy, derived from Greek meaning 'people' and 'power', is a government form where supreme power resides with the people, exercised directly or through elected representatives. It includes various types such as parliamentary, Jeffersonian, Jacksonian, and social democracy, each with distinct characteristics and principles. Democratic practices emphasize participation, equality, and civil rights, allowing citizens to influence governance through mechanisms like suffrage and public assembly.

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W H AT I S

DEMOCRACY
?
It originates from the Greek
word demos, which means
“people”, and kratos, which
means ‘strength or power.”
Definition

is a form of government in
which the supreme power is
vested in the people and
exercised directly by them or by
their elected agents under free
electoral system or a state of
society characterized by formal
equality of rights and privileges.
TYPES OF
DEMOCRAC
Y
1. PARLIAMENTARY
a democraticDEMOCRACY:
form of government that
features a leading party or coalition of parties
whose leader becomes the prime minister or
chancellor.

When the leading party weakens or


falls out of favor; the party that
replaces it installs its leader as prime
minister or chancellor.
2. JEFFERSONIAN
DEMOCRACY
• formulated by Thomas Jefferson, it presupposed
that all male citizens were entitled to equal political
opportunities.
• It underscored the need for leadership by
those with greatest abilities, to be chosen
by the people.
3. JACKSONIAN
DEMOCRACY
• Symbolized by Andrew Jackson, it focused on
the needs of the ordinary people rather than
on the needs of the elite and the educated.

• In pursuit of equality, it granted more rights to the


common people and extended suffrage even to
men who did not possess property in contrast to
the political norm of the era.
4. LIBERAL OR CONSTITUTIONAL
DEMOCRACY:
• Founded on the principles of
free and fair elections, a
universal right to vote, and a
competitive political process
where qualified people can run
and be voted for office.
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY: the
monarch’s power is limited by the
constitution such as Malaysia,
Cambodia, Thailand.
CONSTITUTIONAL REPUBLIC

• FEDERAL REPUBLIC: composed of self- governing states that


have consolidated, thus forming a federation. They share
some administrative powers with a higher national or federal
government such as India, Pakistan, U.S., Germany, Argentina.
• UNITARY REPUBLIC: runs as one entity that has a strong
central or national government such as Philippines, Egypt,
South Korea, Malta, Panama.
5. SOCIAL DEMOCRACY

associated with socialism. It


promotes universal access to
health, education, just
compensation for workers, and
social services. It seeks to reform
capitalism through state laws and
other regulatory policies.
What is Democratic
Practice?
is a set of principles and practices that guide
how people interact and work together every
day to improve their community and to create a
more just society.
DIMENSIO
NS OF
DEMOCRA
CY
For political economic writers,
democracy has one dimension
only in terms of political rights
in the
form of fair and free elections.
For Roger Betancourt, there
are three dimensions of
democracy such as:
POLITICAL
RIGHTS

When people participate in


government affairs such as
election of officials and the
creation of laws, they exercise
their political rights.
CIVIL RIGHTS

The individual person’s right to


autonomy and to act freely without
discrimination. They cover the rights
to life, asylum, fair trial, security and
privacy. They likewise refer to the
freedoms of assembly, of thought, of
expression, and of religion, among
others.
POLITICAL
LEGITIMIZATION
• People must signify acceptance and recognition
of their officials and should express willingness
to withstand what a certain government official
could offer.
• A government not recognized by the sovereign
people is an illegitimate government composed
of illegitimate leaders and officials who possess
no right to rule and govern and thus are ignored
by the people.
FOR MICHAEL S.
PERRY, THERE ARE
FOUR DIMENSIONS OF
DEMOCRACY:
THE SOVEREIGN
PEOPLE

The body-politic or the people who rule.


They are in some sense a unified people
who exercise sovereignty either by direct
means or through elected as
representatives. They compromise the
citizens and the registered voters during
elections.
THE PRINCIPLE OF
DEMOCRACY
Equality is the underlying principle of
democracy. People in a democracy are
sovereign equals
THE STRUCTURE OF
DEMOCRACY
The various formulations, mechanisms and institutions
which are crafted to enable the people to actualize
their sovereign will in the democratic processes. The
structures of democracy are with variegated forms,
including election of representatives and judges, terms
of office, right to petition to the government, etc.
THE PRACTICE OF
DEMOCRACY
The translation of the concept of democracy into
reality or making the rule of the people concretely
manifested.
What are some
democratic practices?
A. Suffrage or the right to vote.
• It gives the people the
opportunity to exercise
sovereignty by choosing the
candidates who will govern and
serve them.
• Eligible voters have the right to
elect the government of his/her
country by secret vote.
• It is only fair that they have a
direct hand in choosing the
B. Public assembly and consultation.

• “The Public Assembly Act of 1985,” makes


sure that the people’s exercise their right to
a peaceful assembly.
• Citizens have a set of rights and
responsibilities, including the right to
participate in decisions that affect public
welfare.
• This act stipulates that rallies,
demonstrations, marches, public meetings,
A plebiscite

• Is an electoral process for approving

or rejecting a change or amendment

in the Constitution.

• It is in the process of direct vote-

say yes or no; accept or reject.


Democratic participation

• is the involvement
or engagement with
something which is
freely done, without
coercion, and
without threat or
fear.
Importance of
Participation in
Democracy
1. Democracy provides equality
and admission to opportunities for
all its citizen in the government;
2. checks and balances the
government to prevent
possible abuse of political
power from the officials;
3. allows citizens to
influence and suggest
policies and laws
through plebiscite in
selecting delegates or
representatives.
• 4. allows the popular
majority to oust a
representative or a
politician who hold too
much power and abuses
it;
• 5. promotes freedom where
citizen enjoy human rights,
allows people to engage the
business and innovations;
• 6. becomes competent,
firm, and stable when
the state is ruled with
leaders who have
dedication and
transparency;
• 7. provides
political
education to the
people telling
them of the state
affairs; and
• 8. upholds change since
the citizens have the
opportunity to participate
in the involvement in the
government.
Representative and
Participatory
Democracies
REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY
• Indirect Democracy • Direct Democracy
• A political system where the • All the eligible citizens and
qualified citizens exercise their qualified voters directly or
political power through personally involve themselves in
representatives. making political decisions.
• The sovereign power remains on •Offers more opportunities
the citizens but its exercise is for members of a
delegated to the representatives
they elect. population to contribute to
• By extension, the citizens, through decision-making through
their votes, allow these popular assemblies.
representatives to make choices
and decisions on their behalf.
REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY
• Motivates individual citizens to • An example situation in the
contribute to policy making. Philippines was the EDSA People
• Many countries with Power of 1986. The people’s direct
parliaments or national involvement in a series of protests
to the dictatorial rule of President
assemblies are representative Ferdinand Marcos.
democracies, regardless if they • Also, the EDSA People Power of
are presidential or monarchial 2001 which peacefully overthrew
in form. the government of President
Joseph Estrada after accusations of
plunder and corruption.
Thank
You

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