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1. Lesson 101 Philo

The document serves as an introduction to philosophy, outlining its value, causes, and processes, emphasizing that philosophy begins with wonder and questioning. It defines philosophy as the 'love of wisdom' and explores different forms of knowledge, including opinion, scientific knowledge, technical knowledge, and wisdom. Additionally, it highlights that philosophy is a practical and transformative way of life, aiming to understand the ultimate causes of all things through the natural light of reason.

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alamonjc083
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2 views

1. Lesson 101 Philo

The document serves as an introduction to philosophy, outlining its value, causes, and processes, emphasizing that philosophy begins with wonder and questioning. It defines philosophy as the 'love of wisdom' and explores different forms of knowledge, including opinion, scientific knowledge, technical knowledge, and wisdom. Additionally, it highlights that philosophy is a practical and transformative way of life, aiming to understand the ultimate causes of all things through the natural light of reason.

Uploaded by

alamonjc083
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO

PHILOSOPHY
Mr. Glen O. Guanco, LPT
Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
• Explain the value, cause and process of philosophizing.
• Discuss the real meaning of Philosophy
• Reflect on a concrete experience in a philosophical way.
• Exemplify the value of philosophy in living a meaningful
and obtaining a broader perspective in life.
The Beginning of Philosophy

“Human
by nature
is
inquisitive
”
-Socrates
The Beginning of Philosophy

Intellect TRUTH

Freewill GOOD
The Beginning of Philosophy

In Philosophy
what
matters is
the
QUESTION
and NOT the
ANSWER.
Why?
The Beginning of Philosophy

“Wonder is the
feeling of a
philosopher, and
philosophy starts
with WONDER.”
– Socrates
Philosophy begins...
WONDER
QUESTION

REASONING PROCESS (philosophizing always


involves questioning, analyzing, criticizing,
synthesizing, evaluating, and judging.

CRITICAL THINKING
Definitio
n
PHILOSOPH
Y
was first used
by
PYTHAGOR
AS,
a Greek
philosopher and
Etymological
Definition
PHILOSOPHY
from the Greek words

“philia/philo” = love
and
“sophia” = wisdom
Etymological
Definition
Philosophy
means

“Love of
Wisdom.”
What
is
Etymological
Definition
By LOVE
it seeks
unity with
the object, it
desires to
possess
its object.
Etymological
Definition
To philosophize ,
therefore, is to be in a
quest , or to have the desire
towards
living the truth .
WISDO
means
M the
good
exercise or

application
of
knowledge.
DIFFERENT FORMS OF
KNOWLEDGE
(based in degree and content)
1. Doxa or Opinion
2. Episteme or Scientific
knowledge
3. Techne or Technical
knowledge
4. Sophia or Wisdom
DOXA/
OPINION
refers to a common
understanding or common
sense.
Lowest kind because it lacks
any proper justification or
attained without any valid
explanation.
DOXA/
OPINION

 Examples: rumors and


EPISTEME/SCIENTIFIC
KNOWLEDGE
is a kind of knowing that has grounded or
justified assertions.
they are factual statements that are
proven by scientific method.
Examples: (a) Water boils at 100
degrees Celsius.
(b) Dogs are animals.
TECHNE/TECHNICAL
KNOWLEDGE
 Knowledge of the means-end of
objects, that is, “how
things are made and
done.”
TECHNE/TECHNICAL
KNOWLEDGE

 Examples are the carpenter’s,


cook’s barber’s or cobbler’s
knowledge
SOPHIA/
WISDOM
 Highest of all knowledge because it is
the “most finished of the forms of
knowledge” and it is knowledge of first
principles.
Definitio
n
Philosophy
is not merely academic,
speculative and abstract,
but also practical and
concrete.
Definitio
n
Philosophy is a way of
life:
“the goal
of [philosophy]
is to
transform the
whole of the
Definitio
n

Philosophy
is an
act of doing.
Real
Definition
Philosophy is the science
of all things or beings in
their ultimate causes or
principles acquired by the
natural light of reason
alone.
Elements of the Definition
 Science
 all things/beings
 in their ultimate causes
 acquired by the natural
light of reason.
Elements of the Definition

 SCIENCE
• Latin “scire” – “to know”
• Not just knowledge of facts
but the reasons behind the
facts or the knowledge of
its causes.
Elements of the Definition
SCIENCE
• It aims for certitude; it strives to know the
whys of things.
• Involves critical thinking that
includes questioning, analyzing,
synthesizing, evaluating and judging.
Elements of the Definition
 Science
 all things/beings
 in their ultimate causes
 acquired by the natural
light of reason.
Elements of the Definition
ALL
THINGS/BEINGS
 Two Types of
Beings
(Accdg. to St. Thomas Aquinas):

1. Necessary
Two Types of
Beings
1. Necessary
 Non-existence is
an impossibility.
 Exists eternally; No
beginning or end
 Ex. God
Two Types of
Beings
2. Contingent
 Existence is caused
 May or may not exist
 Ex. human beings,
material and spiritual
worlds
Elements of the Definition
 Science
 all things/beings
 in their ultimate causes
 acquired by the natural
light of reason.
Elements of the Definition

in their ULTIMATE


CAUSES
 it looks into the reason,
the
ultimate why’s and the
wheretofore’s of all things,
Aristotle’s Four
Causes
1. Material
Cause
2. Efficient
cause
3. Formal
cause
Elements of the Definition
 Science
 all things/beings
 in their ultimate causes
 acquired by the natural
light of reason.
Elements of the Definition

by the NATURAL


LIGHT OF REASON
 it means the
“human reason”
NATURAL REASON SUPERNATURAL
REASON
Refers to human reason Has an element of Faith

Has limitations No limitations

Realm of Philosophy Realm of Theology


When
philosophy
ends, theology
begins.
Real
Definition
Philosophy is the science
of all things or beings in
their ultimate causes or
principles acquired by the
natural light of reason
alone.

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