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Unit 1 Respiration BOOK 8

The document outlines the structure and function of the human respiratory system, explaining the processes of breathing and respiration, including gas exchange in the alveoli. It details the components of blood and their roles, particularly in transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide. Additionally, it distinguishes between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, emphasizing the importance of oxygen for energy production in cells.

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16 views

Unit 1 Respiration BOOK 8

The document outlines the structure and function of the human respiratory system, explaining the processes of breathing and respiration, including gas exchange in the alveoli. It details the components of blood and their roles, particularly in transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide. Additionally, it distinguishes between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, emphasizing the importance of oxygen for energy production in cells.

Uploaded by

h09269802
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AHMAD BIN MAJID INTERNATIONAL

PRIVATE SCHOOL

UNIT 1 - RESPIRATION

OBJECTIVE
1. Describe how the structure of the human respiratory system is related to its function and
understand the different between breathing and respiration
2. Describe the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and the air in the lungs.
3. Describe what analogy is and how it can be used as a model
4. Explain gas exchange from an air sac into the blood.
5. Difference between respiration and breathing.
6. Explain that aerobic respiration occurs.
7. Describe the components of blood and their functions.
1.1 The human respiratory system

Answers
1.1 The human respiratory system
Respiration a series of chemical reactions
that takes place in all living cells, releasing
energy from glucose.
a) Aerobic respiration
occurs with oxygen and
releases more energy but
slowly.

It mostly occurs in tiny parts


of your cells called
mitochondria
b) anaerobic respiration
occurs without oxygen and
Why we need oxygen
In Air – 21% oxygen and 0.04% carbon dioxide

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen. The cells


produce carbon dioxide as a waste product.

When you breathe, you take air into your lungs.


Some oxygen from the air goes into your blood.

The blood deliver the oxygen to every cell in


your body, so that cells can use it for respiration.
The blood collects the waste carbon dioxide
from the cells, and take back to your lungs.

The organs that helps you to take oxygen out of


the air, and get rid of carbon dioxide , make up
the respiratory system
The Human Respiratory System
Respiratory system:
The organ system where air is taken into
and out of the body, and gas exchange
happens.
Parts of the respiratory system:
The respiratory system has many
different parts that work together to help
you breathe includes:
 Nose and Mouth
 Trachea (windpipe)
 Bronchi (bronchus)
 Bronchioles
 Alveoli (Air sacs)
 Ribs
 Diaphragm
 Lungs
The structure of the human respiratory system
a) Mouth and nose both connect to trachea.
b) Trachea (windpipe) has strong rings called cartilage
(keep the trachea open and prevent it collapsing). At the
top of the wind pipe is the voice box or Larynx. Branches
into two bronchi
c) Bronchi (bronchus) also
has cartilage to support them,
allows the air to reach deeper
into the lungs. Each divides
into several smaller tubes
called Bronchioles.
d) Bronchioles end by
branching into tiny structures
called air sacs.
e) Air sacs (alveoli) is where
the oxygen goes into the
blood,
The bronchus
• The bronchus in the lungs are
lined with hair-like projections
called cilia that move microbes
and debris up and out of the
airways. They secrete mucus
which helps protect the lining of
the bronchus and trap
microorganisms.
The Lungs
• Lungs are the
chief centres of
the respiration.
They are the
pair of large,
spongy organs,
mainly involved
in the exchange
of gases
between the
blood and the
air.
Questions

Answers
Think like a scientist
Answers
1.2 Gas exchange

Answers
Air sacs
The lungs are mostly
holes. The holes
called air sacs
(alveoli)

There are also lots of


very tiny blood
vessels in the lungs,
wrapped around the
air sacs called
The structure of an air
sac
The diagram shows one of the air sacs in the lungs.
The air sac has a wall made of one layer of cell.
The cells are very thin.
Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an
area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration.
Depend upon two factors
1. Type of a substance
2. temperature
Gas exchange
Gas exchange in the lungs
happens in the alveoli.
Some of the features of
alveoli include:
• Thin walls (just one cell thick)
• Large surface area
• Many blood capillaries
• The gases move
by diffusion from where they
have a high concentration to
where they have a low
concentration:
• Oxygen diffuses from the air
in the alveoli into the blood
• Carbon dioxide diffuses from
the blood into the air in the
alveoli
Gas exchange in the air sacs
The blood inside the
capillary contain small
amount of oxygen, and a lot
of carbon dioxide comes
from the heart on left of the
diagram.
The air inside the air sac
come from outside of the
body contain a lot of
oxygen and only small
amount of carbon dioxide
very close
Oxygen to the blood.
particles in the air move freely and diffuse
through the thin-walled cells into the blood.
Oxygen dissolves in blood, goes into the red blood
cells where it combines with haemoglobin. The
carbon dioxide diffuses into the air in the air sac.
Gas exchange in air sacs
Think like a scientist
Questions

Answers
Think like a scientist
Questions Answers
Activity 1.2.1

Answers
1.3 Breathing

Answers
Breathing
Breathing using muscles to make
movements that cause air to move in and out
of the lungs.
Breathing
Diaphragm
• Diaphragm: It is a muscular
sheet that separates the
chest from abdomen that
helps your lungs pull in air
and push it out.
Upon inhalation,
the diaphragm contracts
(moves down towards the
abdomen) and flattens and
the chest cavity enlarges.
This contraction creates a
vacuum, which pulls air into
the lungs. Upon exhalation,
the diaphragm relaxes and
returns to its domelike
shape, and air is forced out
Answers
Answers
1.4 Respiration

Answers
Respiration
Respiration a series of chemical reactions that
takes place in all living cells, releasing energy
from glucose.
• food containing
carbohydrates
digestive system breaks
down to a kind of sugar
called glucose.
• The blood delivers
glucose to every cell in
the body.
• The cells use the
glucose to get the
Aerobic Respiration
• The release of relatively large amount of
energy in cells by the breakdown of food
substances in the presence of oxygen
• The Mitochondria carry out a chemical
reaction called aerobic respiration
• In respiration, chemical energy stored in
glucose, some energy is changed to heat
energy
Questions
Answers
1.4 Blood

Answers
Blood
Blood is a specialized body fluid.

• The blood moves around the body inside


blood vessels. The heart pumps constantly, to
keep the blood moving

• Blood, fluid that transports oxygen and


nutrients to cells and carries away carbon
dioxide and other waste products.
Components of blood
• Red blood cell
• White blood cell
• Plasma
• Platelets
What is blood
Everyone knows that blood is a red liquid. But you may get surprise
through microscope.
Plasma
Plasma is the liquid part of blood. It is mostly
water.
• Red and white blood cells are transported
around the body in the blood plasma.
• Glucose, dissolved in blood plasm, it
transported from digestive system to every
cell.
• Carbon dioxide dissolves in blood plasma
and is carried away from the cells.
Red blood cells
Red blood cells they don’t have a nucleus
and they don’t have mitochondria.
They are full of a red pigment called
haemoglobin. It is haemoglobin that make
blood look red.
The haemoglobin helps the red blood cells
to transport oxygen
How oxygen is transported around
the body
White blood cells
• White blood have a nucleus. Some kinds of white
blood cell are large than red blood cells.
• White blood cells help to defend us against
pathogens (bacteria and viruses) that cause illness.
• White blood cells produces chemicals that kill and
digest the pathogen.
• These chemicals are called antibodies
• The antibodies stick onto the pathogen. Sometimes,
they kill the pathogen directly. Sometimes, they
glue lots of the pathogens together so that they
cannot move. This makes it easy for other white
blood cells to capture and kill the pathogens
White blood cells
Questions
Question
Answers
Questions
Questions
Answers
Respiration

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What happens inside your body when you
exercise ?

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