READING AND

WRITING
SKILLS
QUARTER 1: WRITTEN TEXT PATTERNS
ARE YOU READY TO
LEARN?
WHAT IS PARAGRAPH?
Paragraph are often
compared to a
building blocks that
make up sections or
part of a text.
 THREE ELEMENTS
OF PARAGRAPH
TOPIC SENTENCE

PARAGRAPH
SUPPORTING SENTENCE

CONCLUDING SENTENCE
EXCERPT:

Regular exercise has numerous health

benefits. Firstly, it can help maintain a healthy
weight, reducing the risk of developing
conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and heart
disease. Secondly, it can improve mental health
by reducing symptoms of depression and
anxiety. Lastly, it can also enhance brain
health, improving memory and cognitive
abilities. Thus, regular exercise is a powerful
tool for maintaining and improving overall
health, both physically and mentally.
TOPIC SENTENCE
Topic sentence serves as a focal
point, foregrounding the
content of the whole paragraph.
 Topic sentence increase the
readability of the paragraph.
 It appears anywhere in the paragraph
but usually be seen in the beginning.

Example:

“Regular exercise has

numerous health benefits. ”
SUPPORTING SENTENCE
 A sentence that explains, proves, or
enhance the topic sentence.
 It provides further information,
details, evidence, or examples that
support the main idea expressed in
the topic sentence.
CONCLUDING SENTENCE
Is a sentence that summarize
the main points or ideas
expressed in a paragraph or
essay.
 It serves as a final
statement that brings closure
to the topic or arguments
discussed.
For Example:

Topic Sentence:
Traveling broadens one’s horizons

Supporting Sentences:
Experiencing different cultures
exposes us to new perspectives and
ways of life. It helps us appreciate
diversity and develop a more open-
minded attitude.
 The concluding sentence
often restates the main idea
in a different way or offers a
final thought or reflection.
Example:

In conclusion, regular exercise

not only improves physical
fitness but also enhances mental
well-being, making it an
essential aspect of a healthy
lifestyle.
ACTIVITY: Picture Narrative

Analyze the picture and

create a narrative paragraph
based on how you interpret
the scenarios in the pictures
NARRATION:
- The narrative paragraph tells
about one main incident or
happening, story, experience,
event, daily activity, and
incident.
- The author brings the incident
to life so the reader shares the
experience.
- It should be written in logical
order.

- Narratives have five elements:

(Plot, setting, character, conflict,
and theme)

Answers:
“How did it happen?”
“What is it all about? ”
Signals:

First, second, next, then.

While, after, after that,
after a while, a little later,
at the same time, during,
in the morning, later that
night.
SAMPLE PARAGRAPH:

This was my first visit to the

international terminal of the airport,
and nothing was familiar. I could not
make sense of any of the signs. Where
was the check-in counter? Where
should I take my luggage? I had no
idea where the immigration line was. I
began to panic. What was it? Where
was my plane? I had to find help
because I could not be late!
I’ll never forget the first
time I got lost in La Paz City.
I was traveling with my
parents during summer
vacation. We were in a
department store, and I was
so excited to see such a
huge place.
Suddenly, I turned around to
ask my mom something, but
she was gone! I began
crying and screaming at the
top of my lungs. A salesclerk
came up to me and asked if
I was okay.
She got on the public address (P.A)
system and notified the customers
that a little boy with blue jeans
and a red cap was lost. Two
minutes later my mom and dad
came running toward me. We all
cried and hugged each other. I’ll
never forget that day.
Details:
put the baby in high chair
baby starts crying
what will I do?
hurry up and get food
get it out of jars onto plate
baby stops crying, hooray!
hurry back to the baby
forgot spoon, go back for it
drop spoon, get another
baby still crying
start feeding baby
TASK: Hush Little Baby!

Pretend that you are baby-sitting

for the first time. Write a narrative
paragraph about trying to feed a
ten-month-old baby. Work with the
following details. Add more if you
wish. Use clue words to help tell
things in sequence.
DESCRIPTION

- In details explain the main idea by

providing a mental picture of
situation (sensory images), objects,
or surroundings.
- The details focus on sensory or
physical data.
Answers:
“What are its most important
attributes or characteristics?”
“What specific person, place,
thing, or event is described”

Signals:
Words that show size, shape,
texture, color, thickness,
length, feelings.
The Olympic symbol consists of
five interlocking rings. The rings
are colored black, blue, green,
red, and yellow.

The kitchen table is rectangular. It

is made out of a two-inch-thick
piece of oak. Its top is covered
with a cloth patterned in dark red
and blue squares against a white
background.
Who in their right mind
would ever turn down a
freshly cooked banana cue?
It’s a delicious banana deep
fried and coated with
caramelized brown sugar.
Oh gosh, this is Filipino
comfort food at its best.
There are few things as
satisfying as sinking your
teeth into a really well-
made banana cue which, for
me, means starting with a
plump (bus-ok) banana that
is semi-ripe.
There seems to be a surplus
of bananas at the moment.
The end of the hot summer
and two months of rain
usually result in their
bounty unless some
typhoons mess with the
trees.
Task: A Place to Behold!

Make a descriptive
paragraph about tourist
attraction in your locality.
DEFINITION
-It is also called statement and
clarification.
-A word or concepts is introduced
then explained or described.

Answers:
“What is it ”
Signal :

Define as, is, known, the

term means, is stated as,
used to mean, refers to
A solar system eclipse is an
astronomical event during which
the Moon seems to cover the Sun.

Repression is the mind’s power to

block fearful thoughts, impulses,
and memories. For example, a
person may repress or forget
painful childhood memories.
A definition paragraph is a
paragraph explaining a term
or subject, so your audience
comprehends the topic of the
paragraph. This can be done
in three different ways :
- Synonyms
- Class
- Negation
Synonyms:
- Explaining the term by
using the words that mean the
same thing.

Examples:

To procrastinate is to slack.
Class:
- It is when you put your
topic in a larger category to
explain your thing.

Example :
A pineapple is a tropical
fruit that has an acidic and
sweet taste.
Negation:
- Means that the writer first
says something it is not, and then
says what it is.

For example:
A racist is not some one that
accepts another person for who
they are, bit rather prejudges
them based on their appearance
or their skin color.
TASK: I MEAN IT!

Write a definition paragraph on

freedom.

Guide Questions:
What is freedom?
Why do people want it?
Should there be limitations on freedom?
Can there be limitations?
Explore the nature of freedom.
EXEMPLIFICATION:
- This is to illustrate by means of
giving more specific examples.
Detailed and well-chosen
examples add interest, liveliness,
and power to your writing.

Answers:
“What are some examples”
Signals:

For instance, for example. An

illustration of this, a case in
point is, to illustrate, another
instance of, another example,
illustration of, here are a few
examples of, another
Most people have special places
where they go to relax and find
inspiration. For example, my most
relaxing and inspirational place to
be is at Riceville Bridge.

Many college students face a

number of pressures. For instance,
many students have to manage a
job while at the same time
balancing their school work.
Task: For Example!

Read this exemplification paragraph,

and answer the questions that follow.

1. What is the topic sentence?

2. List the specific examples the writer
uses to develop the topic sentence.
3. Do you find this exemplification
paragraph effective? Why, or why not?
Television present s a vivid world in
front of us. For example, TV can
keep us informed of what is
happening throughout the world.
For another example, with a TV set
a home, we can visit a great many
tourist attractions in different
countries. Besides, TV brings
various forms of entertainments to
the events were taking place right
before our eyes.