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Intermolecular Forces of Attraction

The document outlines the differences between intramolecular and intermolecular forces, detailing their types and significance. Intramolecular forces, such as ionic and covalent bonds, hold atoms together within molecules, while intermolecular forces, including dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding, influence the physical properties of substances. Additionally, it discusses concepts like surface tension, capillary action, cohesion, adhesion, and viscosity.

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5 views37 pages

Intermolecular Forces of Attraction

The document outlines the differences between intramolecular and intermolecular forces, detailing their types and significance. Intramolecular forces, such as ionic and covalent bonds, hold atoms together within molecules, while intermolecular forces, including dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding, influence the physical properties of substances. Additionally, it discusses concepts like surface tension, capillary action, cohesion, adhesion, and viscosity.

Uploaded by

grejae.ardevela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Objectives:

1. Differentiate Intramolecular forces and


Intermolecular forces of attraction.

2. Describe and differentiate the types of


Intramolecular forces of attraction

3. Determine the intermolecular forces of


attraction that holds the molecules together.
Intramolecular Forces
of Attraction
Is the attractive force or bond between
molecules, which is responsible in
keeping matters in solid or liquid
phase.
Types of forces or attractions:

1. Intramolecular forces are the forces that hold


atoms together within a molecules.

2. Intermolecular forces are forces that exist


between molecules.
Intramolecular Forces of Attraction

 Is the attractive force or bond between


molecules, which is responsible in keeping
matters in solid or liquid phase.
Types of Intramolecular forces of
attraction
1. Ionic bond is formed by the complete
transfer of valence electron atoms.

In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to


become a positively charge cation.
the nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion.

It is a type of chemical bond that generates


two oppositely charge ions.
2. Covalent bond is formed between atoms that
have similar electronegativities

 The affinity or desire for electrons. Because


both atoms have similar affinity for electron
and neither has a tendency to donate them,
they share electrons in order to achieve octet
configuration and become more stable.
Types of Covalent bond

1. Nonpolar covalent bond is formed between


same atoms or atoms with very similar
electronegativities.

2. Polar covalent bond exists when atoms with


different electronegativities share electrons in a
covalent bond.
Intermolecular Forces of Attraction
 Are much weaker than the intramolecular
forces of attraction but are important because
they determine the physical properties of
molecules like their boiling point, melting
point, density and entalphies of fusion and
vaporization.
Types of Intermolecular forces of
Attraction

1. Dipole – dipole interaction


2. Ion – dipole interaction
3. Hydrogen bonding
4. London dispersion forces
DIPOLE DIPOLE FORCE
 Attractive forces between the positive end of
one polar molecule and the negative end of
another polar molecule.

Nonpolar molecules becoming polar molecules


TEMPORARILY. (Instantaneous dipole)
ION DIPOLE FORCE
 Is the result of electrostatic attraction
between an ion and a molecule containing a
dipole.
 The strength of ion – dipole forces increases
as the charge of the ion increases.
HYDROGEN BONDING
FORCE
This is a special kind of dipole – dipole
interaction that occurs specifically between a
hydrogen atom bonded to either an oxygen,
nitrogen or fluorine atom.

Ex. Water molecules (strong polar bond)


High boiling point
High melting point
Hydrogen just wanna have FON the
partially positive end of hydrogen is attracted
to the partially negative end of the fluorine,
oxygen or nitrogen of another molecule.

Hydrogen bonding is a relatively strong force of


attraction between molecules, and considerable
energy is required to break hydrogen bonds.
DISPERSION FORCE
(London Dispersion force)
 Weakest intermolecular force of attraction
 this force is present in all molecules whether
polar or nonpolar. The more electrons a
molecule has the stronger the London
dispersion forces are.

For example, Bromine has more electrons than


chlorine so bromine will have stronger London
dispersion forces than chlorine. Resulting in
higher boiling point for bromine.
SURFACE TENSION
 The force that causes molecules on the
surfaces of the liquid to be push together and
form a layer and it is not broken by the large
surface covered by their feet
CAPILLARY ACTION
 The ability of liquid molecules to flow in
narrow tubes or porous material.
COHESION
 Attraction between like molecules
ADHESION
 Attraction between unlike
molecules
Guest this substance ...

 Super foods
 Give energy to the body
 Has medicinal properties
 Has eternal life shelf
VISCOSITY
 A measure of a liquid’s resistance to flow.

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