WELCOME

ASSESSMENT OF
ATTITUDE
 GENERAL
OBJECTIVES
• At the end of the
practice teaching
group will be able
to gain in depth
knowledge This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

regarding attitude,
attitude scale.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
• To Define attitude.
• To explain attitude scale.
• To enumerate the types of
attitude scale.
• To describe the construction of
attitude scale.
• To enlist the uses of attitude
scale
• To discuss the characteristics of
attitude scale.
• To explain the advantages and
disadvantages of attitude scale.
 ATTITUDE

Attitude refers to a person’s thoughts, feelings, and

behaviors toward a particular object, person, situation,
or idea. It is psychological construction that influence
how individual perceives and react to their
environment.
 THREE COMPONENTS OF AN
ATTITUDE
❖Cognitive Component (Thinking) – This involves
beliefs, thoughts, and knowledge about a particular object,
person, or situation. Example: "Smoking is harmful to
health.“

❖Affective Component (Feeling) – This refers to

emotions and feelings associated with the attitude object.
Example: "I feel disgusted when I see someone smoking.“

❖Behavioral Component (Acting) – This represents how

a person acts or behaves toward something based on their
attitude. Example: "I avoid places where people smoke.
 ATTITUDE SCALE

DEFINITION:-
An attitude scale is a tool used to measure a
person's attitude toward a particular subject, issue,
idea, or object.

❑ Attitude scale typically consists of a series of

statements or questions that respondents rate
based on their level of agreement or disagreement.
Attitude scales help quantify attitudes in a
 TYPES OF ATTITUDE SCALE

1. Likert Scale
(Summated)
2. Semantic
Differential Scale
3. Thurstone scale
4. Guttman scale
 LIKERT SCALE

INTRODUCTION:-

Likert scale was named after a psychologist Renis

Likert, who developed it in 1932 as a psychological
concept measurement scale. Likert scale is one of the
most commonly used scaling techniques. It was
developed to measure the attitude, value, and feelings
of people.
 DEFINITION

Likert scale is a composite measure of attitudes that involve

scores on set of items (statement) to which respondents are
asked to indicate their degree of agreement or disagreement.
 GUIDELINE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION
OF LIKERT SCALE
⮚ A five or seven- point likert scale.
⮚ The statement should be brief, concise and precise.
⮚ Each statement should convey complete thought.
⮚ More than one idea should not be include in same statement.
⮚ The statement should belong to attitude variable.
⮚ Care should be taken.
1. Use simple sentence.
2. Avoid : all, always, none, or never.
3. Use with care: only, just, merely.
4. Avoid words with more than on meaning eg, comfortable(physically
or emotionally)
⮚ Statement should be in such that they can be endorsed or rejected
(agreed/disagreed).
 USE OF LIKERT SCALE

• Basically it is used to measure the attitude, value,

and feelings of the people about specific concepts
such as situations, people, places, objects,
programmes, practices, policies, and so on.
• This scale is use to quantify measurement of the
qualitative attribute of people such as feelings,
values, and attitude.
• Used to assess opinion about particular concept.
 CHARACTERISTICS

❖ Psychological measurement tool: Assess attitude, values, and

feeling about specific concept
❖ Illustrative in nature : it allows data to present in chats, pie diagram,
histograms
❖ Neutral statements: it contain neutral statement without any bias of
evaluator.
❖ Bipolar scaling method.
❖ Measurement of the specific number of scaling categories: scale
has 5-7 points categories.
 LIKERT SCALE

STRONGLY STRONGLY
STATEMENT AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE
AGREE DISAGREE

1. Person
with multiple
sex partner is
at high risk of
AIDS.

2. You can
get AIDS
by sharing
utensils
 SCORING OF LIKERT SCALE

• Scoring is based on type of statement .

Strongly Strongly
Statement Agree Neutral Disagree
agree disagree

(Positive
statement)
1.The instructor
5 4 3 2 1
explained
concepts clearly

(Negative
statement)
2.The instructor
does not
1 2 3 4 5
explained
concepts
clearly.
 Advantages :

✔Easy to construct.

✔More reliable and valid tool to measure

psychological variable.

✔Easy to administer as respondents only have to

tick in space.

✔Less time consuming for construction and

 DISADVANTAGES :

✔Respondents may feel forced to answer.

✔Feeling of respondents may not fully assessed due to

researcher pre planned statements.

✔Casual approach of respondents in scale may provide

misleading data.

✔Value may be same in many cases.

 SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL SCALE

It most effective and most widely use technique these days.

In 1967, Osgood, Suci, and Tannenbaum introduced this method for the first time in their
book, The Measurement of Meaning. Semantic differential questions measure people’s
attitude towards stimulus words, objects, and concepts.
The question type consists of series of constricting adjectives pair
(good-bad, beneficial-harmful ).

Studies have shown that this this scale can work effectively with different age group,
culture language.
 DEFINITION

Semantic differential scale is a type of rating scale

designed to measure the connotative meaning of
objects, events and concepts. These connotations
are used to derive the respondents’ attitude towards
the objects, events and concepts.
 USE OF SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL SCALE

It is most commonly used in

• Patient satisfaction survey
• Customer satisfaction survey
• Employee survey.
• Clinical psychology.
DESIGNING SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL SCAL

✔ For the preparation of semantic differential scale, adjectives

pairs are used:
✔ The bipolar adjective pairs can be used for wide variety of
subjects.
✔ The adjectives are selected according to the subjectivity of
the survey.
✔ These pairs are grouped into three categories, and each
 SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL SCALE
Adjective pairs used to construct differential scale :
 ADVANTAGES OF SEMANTIC
DIFFERENTIAL SCALE :

✔ A convenient method used to assess the beliefs, attitudes,

and values in quantitative form.
✔ Easy to administer
✔ Provide reasonable valid and reliable quantitative data.
 DISADVANTAGES OF SEMANTIC
DIFFERENTIAL SCALE :

✔ Interpretation variability - different people may interpret different meaning of adjective

differently.

✔ It is time consuming. If anyone not able to find appropriate adjective pair.

✔ Lack of specificity- if hospital rated as “unreliable”. It is unclear what aspect ( staff,

facility, services ) is unreliable.
 THURSTONE SCALE

❖ It is a psychometric measurement tool developed

by louis thurstone in the 1920s to assess attitude
opinion and beliefs.
 DEFINITION

The Thurstone Scale is a psychometric scale that

measures attitudes by asking respondents to agree or
disagree with pre-rated statements. Each statement has a
numerical value assigned by experts, and the
respondent's attitude is determined by the average score
of the statements they
Select.
 ADVANTAGES OF THE THURSTONE SCALE

• reduce personal bias- Since experts assign scores to

statements, the scale reduces personal bias.
• Easy for Respondents - Participants only need to agree
or disagree with statements, making it simple to complete
• Measures Attitude Intensity - Unlike simple 'Yes/No'
questions, the scale captures different levels of
agreement.
• Useful for Complex Topics - It works well for measurin
complex attitudes in psychology,education, and social
27
DISADVANTAGES OF THE THURSTONE
SCALE
• Time-Consuming to Develope
• Difficult to Create Balanced Statements - Ensuring an
equal spread of positive, neutral, and negative statements
takes planning.
• Limited Flexibility - Once created, modifying the scale
requires re-evaluating all statements.
• May Not Capture Subtle Changes in Attitude - Since
respondents only select statements rather than giving ratings,
slight attitude variations might be missed.
 GUIDELINES FOR DESIGNING A
THURSTONE SCALE

▪ Define the Attitude to Be Measured - Clearly identify the topic.

▪ Create a List of Statements - Write 20-30 statements that range
from strongly negative to strongly positive.
▪ Have Experts Rate Each Statement - Judges rate each statement
on a scale from 1 to 11.
▪ Select a Representative Set of Statements - Choose 10-15 well-
balanced statements.
▪ Administer the Scale to Respondents - Ask participants to select
the statements they agree with.
▪ Calculate the Final Attitude Score - Find the average of the
weights of the agreed statements.
 PRE-RATING TO STATEMENT

Median score (final

Statement Rating by judges
weight)
Social media is a waste of
1,2,2,1 2
time and harmful
Social media can be
distracting, but it has some 5,6,5,7,6 6
benefits.
Social media helps people
stay connected and 5,7,5,8,10 7
informed.
Social media is an essential
tool for communication and 10,10,10,11,11 10
learning.
Social media is the best
 EXAMPLE OF A THURSTONE SCALE
(ATTITUDE TOWARD SOCIAL MEDIA)

Statement Weight (1-11) Response

Social media is a waste of time
and harmful
2 No

Social media can be distracting,

but it has some benefits.
6 No

Social media helps people stay

connected and informed.
7 No

Social media is an essential tool

for communication and learning.
10 Yes
Social media is the best
innovation for modern society
11 yes
 CALCULATION OF SCORE

SUM(score of agreed statements)

Average score=
Total no. of agreed statement
---------------------------------------
For example:
= 10.5
10+11 21 =
Score range interpretation
2 2
1-4 Negative attitude
4-6 Neutral attitude
7-11 Positive attitude
summary
 ASSIGNMENT

Que:-Define attitude scale and explain the types of

attitude scales in detail.

34
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Suresh k sharma, Reena sharma,Nursing education and
education technology, 3rd edition, pg no 406-411.
• BT Basavanthapa. Textbook of Nursing Education. 2nd
Edition. Jaypee Publication: New Delhi; pg. 658- 660.
• B. Shankarnarayanan, Sindhu. Learning and teaching
Nursing. 4th Edition. Jaypee publication; pg. 218-221.
• K.P. Neerja. Textbook of nursing education. Jaypee
publications. New Delhi. 432-436.
• http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/5212
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude scale
• www.google.com
THANK YOU