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Membership Function

The document discusses Membership Functions (MF) in fuzzy logic, which quantify the degree of membership of elements within fuzzy sets. It outlines various types of MFs including Triangular, Trapezoidal, Gaussian, and Sigmoidal functions, each defined by specific parameters and used for modeling different fuzzy sets. Additionally, it covers operations on fuzzy sets and the effects of varying parameters on membership values.

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13 views29 pages

Membership Function

The document discusses Membership Functions (MF) in fuzzy logic, which quantify the degree of membership of elements within fuzzy sets. It outlines various types of MFs including Triangular, Trapezoidal, Gaussian, and Sigmoidal functions, each defined by specific parameters and used for modeling different fuzzy sets. Additionally, it covers operations on fuzzy sets and the effects of varying parameters on membership values.

Uploaded by

Stu udy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Membership Function

DY Patil International University by Dr. Dipika Pradhan


Outline
• What are Membership Functions (MF)?

• Role of MF in Fuzzy Logic

• Importance in decision-making

• Types of Membership function


Membership Function
• A Membership Function (MF) is a mathematical
function used in fuzzy logic to define how each
element in a given input space is mapped to a
membership value (degree of belonging) between 0
and 1.
• It represents the degree of truth of an element
belonging to a fuzzy set. The function assigns:
• 0 → Complete non-membership
• 1 → Full membership
• Values between 0 and 1 → Partial membership
Triangular Membership Function
• A Triangular Membership Function (TMF) is a
simple and widely used fuzzy membership function.

• It is defined by three parameters (a,b,c), which


determine the shape of the function.

• The function forms a triangle with a peak at b and


base endpoints at a and c. It is used to model fuzzy
sets in a piecewise linear fashion.
• The triangular membership function μ(x) is given by:

where:
• a is the left endpoint (start of the function)
• b is the peak point (maximum value, μ(b)=1
• c is the right endpoint (end of the function)
• A graphical plot of a triangular membership function
for parameters a=2,b=5, and c=8,x=35 looks like this:
Example: Let's consider a fuzzy set "Medium
Temperature" represented using a triangular membership
function.
• a=20∘C(Cold temperature limit)
• b=30∘C (Ideal medium temperature)
• c=40∘C (Hot temperature limit)
• μ(x)?
Graphical Representation
Trapezoidal Membership Function (TMF)

• A Trapezoidal Membership Function (TMF) is a


type of fuzzy membership function that has a flat
top and is defined by four parameters (a, b, c, d).It
is useful for representing fuzzy sets where the
degree of membership remains fully true for a
range of values decreasing from 1 to 0
• where:
• a = Left endpoint (start of the function)
• b= Left shoulder (start of the plateau)
• c = Right shoulder (end of the plateau)
• d= Right endpoint (end of the function)
• Consider a fuzzy set "Medium Temperature"
represented using a trapezoidal membership
function.
• a=20∘C (Cold temperature limit)
• b=25∘C (Start of medium temperature)
• c=35∘C(End of medium temperature)
• d=40∘C (Hot temperature limit)
• For a given temperature x=30∘C Find μ(x)?
Gaussian Membership Function
• A Gaussian Membership Function (GMF) is a
smooth and continuous function used in fuzzy
logic to represent fuzzy sets. It is widely used
because of its bell-shaped curve, which
provides a natural and smooth transition
between degrees of membership.
Mathematical Formula
• The Gaussian Membership Function is defined as:

where:
• x = Input variable
c = Mean
(center bell curve)
• σ = Standard deviation
• Consider a fuzzy set "Moderate Temperature" represented by a Gaussian function.
• Let c=25∘C (ideal moderate temperature).
• Let σ=5(defines how quickly membership drops).
• For different temperatures:
• x=25∘C μ(25)=1.0 (full membership)
• x=30∘C μ(30)≈0.6 (moderately in the set)
• x=35∘C μ(35)≈0.2 (weak membership)
• Temperature range:
• x=[10,40] °C
• Mean (c= 25°C (most comfortable
temperature)
• Standard deviation (σ) = 5 (controls how
gradually the membership declines)
• The membership value is 1 at 25°C (most
comfortable).
• As the temperature moves away from 25°C,
the membership gradually decreases.
• Around 20°C and 30°C, the membership is still
significant but lower.
• At extreme values (e.g., 10°C or 40°C), the
membership is close to 0 (not comfortable).
Sigmoidal Membership Function (SMF)
• A Sigmoidal Membership Function (SMF) is a
smooth, S-shaped function used in fuzzy logic
to represent gradual transitions between fuzzy
set membership values. It is particularly useful
when there is a clear separation between two
categories, but the transition is not abrupt.
Mathematical Formula
• The Sigmoidal Membership Function is given by:

• x = Input variable c = Center point (where


membership is 0.5) a = Steepness factor (controls
the slope of the curve)
• a>0Increasing Sigmoid (used for "large" categories)
• a<0 → Decreasing Sigmoid (used for "small"
categories)
• Consider a fuzzy set "Tall People" represented by a
sigmoidal function:

• Let c=170 cm (transition point where membership


is 0.5).Let a=0.1 (controls the slope).
• For different heights:
• x=160 cm → μ(160)≈0.1 (not tall).
• x=170 cm →μ(170)=0.5 (mediumembership).
• x=180 cm → μ(180)≈0.9 (tall).
Fuzzy Sets: Operations and Properties
• Fuzzy sets, introduced by Lotfi Zadeh in 1965,
extend classical set theory by allowing
elements to have partial membership in a set,
represented by a membership function
𝜇A(x) that assigns a value between 0 and 1.
Fuzzy Sets: Operations and Properties
• Union (OR Operation)
• 1.μ A∪B(x)=max(μ A(x),μ B(x))
• Intersection (AND Operation)
• 2.μ A∩B(x)=min(μ A(x),μ B(x))
• Complement (NOT Operation)
• 3.μ A (x)=1−μ A (x)
Fuzzy Properties
Noninteractive Fuzzy Sets
• In fuzzy set theory, two fuzzy sets are considered
noninteractive if their membership functions do not influence
each other, meaning their operations follow standard fuzzy set
rules without any modification due to dependencies.
• Two fuzzy sets A andB are noninteractive if their operations,
such as union and intersection, strictly follow standard fuzzy
set operations without any dependency or influence.
• What do you mean by no membership and full
membership?
• What is the definition and representation of
membership function?
• What are various commonly employed membership
functions used in fuzzy logic?
• What is the formulation of Gaussian membership
function?
• What is the effect of variations of mean and standard
deviation on Gaussian membership function?
• Effect of Varying the Mean C
• The mean c determines the center of the Gaussian function.
• Increasing c → Shifts the curve right along the x-axis.
• Decreasing c → Shifts the curve left along the x-axis.
• The shape and width of the function remain unchanged.
• Effect of Varying the Standard Deviation
• The standard deviation σ controls the spread (width) of the Gaussian function.
• Larger σ → The curve becomes wider and flatter, meaning the membership
function is more generalized.
• Smaller σ → The curve becomes narrower and sharper, making the function
more specific.
• The peak remains at c, but the transition from low to high membership values
changes.
• Example:
• If σ=1, the curve is narrow (sharp transition).
• If σ=3, the curve is wider (smooth transition).
Bell-Shaped Membership Function
• The Generalized Bell-Shaped Membership Function
is a smooth and symmetric function that provides a
gradual transition between membership values. It is
widely used in fuzzy logic for modeling uncertainty
and classification problems.
x = Input variable
c = Center (where membership is highest)
a = Width (controls the spread of the function)
b = Slope (controls the steepness of the curve)

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