RURAL

FARMS
SCHOOL
GRADE 8
4th Quarter
Week 1
Let Us Pray…
ATTENDANCE
 How are you
Today? ?

In love
Happy

Blessed

Confuse
Sad
d
WHAT’S
NEW?
Vocabulary
Words
Vocabulary Words
Fungus – A type of organism that includes
mushrooms, molds, and yeasts. Unlike plants,
fungi do not have chlorophyll and absorb
nutrients from organic matter.

Edible – fit or suitable to be eaten

Vocabulary Words
Substrate – The material or growing medium
where mushrooms grow, such as rice straw,
sawdust, or banana leaves. It provides the
necessary nutrients for mushroom
development.
Spawn – A material that contains
mushroom mycelium, which is used to
start the growth of mushrooms. It acts like
the "seed" for mushroom cultivation
Mushroom
Cultivation
By the end of this lesson, students will be
able to:
• At the end of the lesson, students
should be able to:
• Recognize the importance and uses of
mushrooms.
• Identify common types of edible
mushrooms.
• Observe and describe a basic
mushroom-growing setup.
• Participate in a simple mushroom-
growing activity.
Pre-test
Direction: Choose the best answer. answer on your
notebook.

1. What type of organism is

a mushroom?
a) Plant
b) Fungus
c) Animal
d) Bacteria
2. Which of the following is
an example of an edible
mushroom?

a) Death Cap
b) Fly Agaric
c) Oyster Mushroom
d) Poison Fire Coral
substrate in mushroom
cultivation?
a) It provides nutrients for the
mushrooms to grow.
b) It acts as a pesticide to keep
mushrooms safe.
c) It removes excess water from the
mushrooms.
d) It is used to add flavor to
mushrooms.
4. Why do mushrooms need a
humid environment to grow?
a) To keep insects away.
b) To prevent contamination.
c) To help them absorb nutrients
and develop properly.
d) To make them grow faster than
plants.
5. What part of the
mushroom is used as
“seeds” to start
cultivation?

a) Spores
b) Roots
c) Leaves
d) Fruits
Pre-test
Direction: Choose the best answer. answer on your
notebook.

1. What type of organism is

a mushroom?
a) Plant
b) Fungus
c) Animal
d) Bacteria
2. Which of the following is
an example of an edible
mushroom?

a) Death Cap
b) Fly Agaric
c) Oyster Mushroom
d) Poison Fire Coral
substrate in mushroom
cultivation?
a) It provides nutrients for the
mushrooms to grow.
b) It acts as a pesticide to keep
mushrooms safe.
c) It removes excess water from the
mushrooms.
d) It is used to add flavor to
mushrooms.
4. Why do mushrooms need a
humid environment to grow?
a) To keep insects away.
b) To prevent contamination.
c) To help them absorb
nutrients and develop
properly.
d) To make them grow faster than
plants.
5. What part of the
mushroom is used as
“seeds” to start
cultivation?

a) Spores
b) Roots
c) Leaves
d) Fruits
Mushroom
Cultivation
What Are Mushrooms?

Growing mushrooms can be a

rewarding hobby or a commercial
enterprise. It involves preparing a
substrate, inoculating it with
mushroom spores or mycelium, and
then monitoring the environment to
ensure optimal growth.
 Mushrooms are a
type of fungi that
grow in damp and
shaded areas.do not
Unlike plants, mushrooms
have chlorophyll and cannot
produce their own food through
photosynthesis. Instead, they obtain
nutrients by breaking down organic
matter.
 Edible
vs.
Non-Edible
Mushrooms
  Edible
Mushrooms
- Safe to eat, nutritious, and commonly
cultivated.
- Examples: Oyster mushrooms, button
mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms.
 Non-Edible
or
Poisonous
Mushrooms
- Some mushrooms in the wild can be
toxic or even deadly.
- Examples: Death cap (Amanita
phalloides), Fly agaric (Amanita
muscaria). Never eat wild mushrooms
without proper knowledge!
Uses and Importance
of Mushrooms
 Food

Mushrooms
are rich in
protein,
fiber,
vitamins,
and
minerals.
 Business
Many
farmers grow
mushrooms
for sale,
providing an
extra source
of income.
 Environment
Mushrooms
help
decompose
organic
materials,
recycling
nutrients into
the soil.
Types of Edible
Mushrooms
 Oyster
Mushroo
m
(Pleurotu
s

ostreatus
One of the easiest mushrooms to grow.
 Has a soft, fan-shaped appearance.
 Commonly used in stir-fries, soups, and fried
 Button
Mushroo
m
(Agaricus
bisporus)
 Most commonly found in supermarkets.
 Used in pizzas, salads, and pasta dishes.
 Comes in white or brown varieties.
 Straw
Mushroom
(Volvariella
volvacea)
 Grows well in tropical climates.
 Often used in Asian cooking, like soups and
stir-fries.
 Can be cultivated using rice straw, banana
leaves, or water hyacinth.
 Basic
Requirements
for Growing
Mushrooms
 Mushroom
Spawn

This is like the "seed" of mushrooms.

It contains mycelium, which spreads
and helps mushrooms grow.

It must be fresh and free from
contamination to produce good
mushrooms.
 Growing
Medium
Rice Banana
Straw leaves
(Substrate) Saw dust
Examples of good growing mediums:
•Rice straw – commonly used in straw
mushroom cultivation.
•Saw dust – best for oyster mushrooms.
•Banana leaves – available in tropical
 Proper Environment for
Growth
Dark or shaded place – Mushrooms do not
need direct sunlight.
Moist and humid conditions – Mushrooms
require enough water in the air to grow
properly.
Good air circulation – Fresh air prevents
contamination and helps mushrooms
develop.
Clean surroundings – Avoid bacteria and
 How
Mushrooms Grow
(Basic Process)
 Substrate
Preparation


The growing medium (straw, sawdust,
etc.) is cleaned and prepared.
 Inoculation


Mushroom spawn is mixed with the
substrate.
 Incubation


The setup is placed in a dark, humid
area to allow mycelium to spread.
 Fruiting
Stage


After a few weeks, mushrooms start to
appear and grow.
 Harvesting


Mushrooms are picked when fully
grown and ready to eat.
 Any
Questions?
Directions: Match the terms in Column A with their correct descriptions in Column B. Write the
letter of the correct answer on the blank before each number.
Column A Column B
A. The network of thread-like structures that help mushrooms
1. ___ Fungus grow and absorb nutrients.
B. The material where mushrooms grow, such as sawdust or
2. ___ Mycelium
rice straw.
3. ___ Substrate
C. A type of living organism that does not have chlorophyll and
absorbs nutrients from organic matter.
4. ___ Spawn D. The "seed" used to start mushroom cultivation, containing
mycelium.
5. ___ Edible Mushroom E. A safe type of mushroom that can be eaten, such as oyster
or button mushrooms.
6. ___ Humidity F. The amount of moisture in the air, which is important for
mushroom growth.
7. ___ Incubation
G. The process where mushrooms are kept in a dark and
8. ___ Fruiting Body humid place to allow mycelium to spread.
H. The part of the mushroom that is visible and is collected for
9. ___ Harvesting food or sale.
I. The process of picking mushrooms when they are fully
10. ___ Poisonous grown.
J. A type of mushroom that is toxic and unsafe to eat, such as
Mushroom
Post-test
Direction: Choose the best answer. answer on your
notebook.

1. What type of organism is

a mushroom?
a) Plant
b) Fungus
c) Animal
d) Bacteria
2. Which of the following is
an example of an edible
mushroom?

a) Death Cap
b) Fly Agaric
c) Oyster Mushroom
d) Poison Fire Coral
substrate in mushroom
cultivation?
a) It provides nutrients for the
mushrooms to grow.
b) It acts as a pesticide to keep
mushrooms safe.
c) It removes excess water from the
mushrooms.
d) It is used to add flavor to
mushrooms.
4. Why do mushrooms need a
humid environment to grow?
a) To keep insects away.
b) To prevent contamination.
c) To help them absorb nutrients
and develop properly.
d) To make them grow faster than
plants.
5. What part of the
mushroom is used as
“seeds” to start
cultivation?

a) Spores
b) Roots
c) Leaves
d) Fruits
Post-test
Direction: Choose the best answer. answer on your
notebook.

1. What type of organism is

a mushroom?
a) Plant
b) Fungus
c) Animal
d) Bacteria
2. Which of the following is
an example of an edible
mushroom?

a) Death Cap
b) Fly Agaric
c) Oyster Mushroom
d) Poison Fire Coral
substrate in mushroom
cultivation?
a) It provides nutrients for the
mushrooms to grow.
b) It acts as a pesticide to keep
mushrooms safe.
c) It removes excess water from the
mushrooms.
d) It is used to add flavor to
mushrooms.
4. Why do mushrooms need a
humid environment to grow?
a) To keep insects away.
b) To prevent contamination.
c) To help them absorb
nutrients and develop
properly.
d) To make them grow faster than
plants.
5. What part of the
mushroom is used as
“seeds” to start
cultivation?

a) Spores
b) Roots
c) Leaves
d) Fruits
END OF THE
LESSON