NANOTECHNOLO

GY
Nanotechnology- the manipulation
and manufacture of materials and
devices on the scale of atoms or
small groups of atoms.
The “nanoscale” is typically
measured in nanometers, or
billionths of a meter (nanos, the
Greek word for “dwarf,” being the
source of the prefix), and materials
built at this scale often exhibit
 The idea of working at this super
miniature level was suggested by
American physicist Richard Feynman
as early as 1959.
The term nanotechnology was
introduced by researcher Norio
Taniguchi in Japan in the 1970s.
Nanotechnology holds promise for
significant advances in a wide variety
of applications, from devices that
 RICHARD
FEYNMAN
 NORIO
TANIGUCHI
 An example of nanoscale devices
already at work are the carbon
nanotubes, discovered by Sumio Iijima in
Japan in 1991, in use in “jumbotron”
lamps installed in many sports stadiums.
 Other practical applications of
nanoscale technology include materials
used in computer disk drives,
automotive sensors, tires, land-mine
detectors, and solid-state compasses.
The technology is used in the
Sumio
Iijima
 GERD BINNIG
(born 20 July 1947) is a
German physicist.

He is most famous for

having won the Nobel Prize
in Physics jointly with
Heinrich Rohrer in 1986 for
the invention of the
scanning tunneling
microscope.
 HEINRICH
ROHRER
(born June 6, 1933, Buchs,
Switzerland—died May 16,
2013, Wollerau)

Swiss physicist who, with Gerd

Binnig, received half of the 1986
Nobel Prize for Physics for their
joint invention of the scanning
tunneling microscope.
(Ernst Ruska received the other
half of the prize.)
 What are carbon nanotubes?
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are
cylindrical molecules that consist of
rolled-up sheets of single-layer carbon
atoms (graphene). They can be single-
walled (SWCNT) with a diameter of less
than 1 nanometer (nm) or multi-walled
(MWCNT), consisting of several
concentrically interlinked nanotubes,
with diameters reaching more than 100
nm. Their length can reach several
 What are carbon nanotubes?
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are
cylindrical molecules that consist of
rolled-up sheets of single-layer carbon
atoms (graphene). They can be single-
walled (SWCNT) with a diameter of less
than 1 nanometer (nm) or multi-walled
(MWCNT), consisting of several
concentrically interlinked nanotubes,
with diameters reaching more than 100
nm. Their length can reach several
 Like their building block graphene,
CNTs are chemically bonded with
sp2 bonds, an extremely strong form
of molecular interaction. This feature
combined with carbon nanotubes’
natural inclination to rope together
via van der Waals forces, provide the
opportunity to develop ultra-high
strength, low-weight materials that
possess highly conductive electrical
 ERIC
DREXLER
Dr. Drexler is widely known for his seminal studies
of advanced nanosystems and scalable atomically
precise manufacturing (APM), a prospective
technology using arrays of nanoscale devices to
guide chemically-reactive molecular encounters,
thereby structuring matter from the bottom up. His
1981 paper in the Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences established the fundamental
principles of APM, and his 1992 book, Nanosystems:
Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and
Computation, presented a deeper analysis of key
physical principles, devices, and systems for
Techniques for working at the nanoscale have
become essential to electronic engineering
and nanoengineered materials have begun to
appear in consumer products.
Example, billions of microscopic
“nanowhiskers,” each about 10 nanometres
in length, have been molecularly hooked
onto natural and synthetic fibres to impart
stain resistance to clothing and other
fabrics;
 zinc oxide nanocrystals have been used to
create invisible sunscreens that block
 Nanotechnology may make it
possible to manufacture lighter,
stronger, and programmable
materials that require less energy
to produce than conventional
materials, that produce less waste
than with conventional
manufacturing, and that promise
greater fuel efficiency in land
 Nanocoatings for both opaque and
translucent surfaces may render them
resistant to corrosion, scratches, and
radiation.
Nanoscale electronic, magnetic, and
mechanical devices and systems with
unprecedented levels of
information processing may be fabricated, as
may chemical, photochemical, and biological
sensors for protection, health care,
manufacturing, and the environment; new
photoelectric materials that will enable the
The potential for improvements in health,
safety, quality of life, and conservation of the
environment are vast.
At the same time, significant challenges
must be overcome for the benefits of
nanotechnology to be realized.

Scientists must learn how to manipulate

and characterize individual atoms and small
groups of atoms reliably. New and improved
tools are needed to control the properties and
structure of materials at the nanoscale;
Next, new tools and approaches are needed
for assembling atoms and molecules into
nanoscale systems and for the further
assembly of small systems into more-complex
objects.
Furthermore, nanotechnology products must
provide not only improved performance but
also lower cost.

Finally, without integration of nanoscale

objects with systems at the micro- and
macroscale (that is, from millionths of a
 An example of nanoscale devices already at
work are the carbon nanotubes, discovered by
Sumiko Ijma in Japan in 1991, in use in
“jumbotron” lamps installed in many sports
stadiums.
Other practical applications of nanoscale
technology include materials used in computer
disk drives, automotive sensors, tires, land-
mine detectors, and solid-state compasses.
The technology is used in the manufacture of
dressings for burns and wounds, water
Bellevue, Washington-based
Innovega with its iOptik
platform embedded a center
filter and display lens at the
center of a contact lens. The
optical elements are smaller
than the eye's pupil and
therefore do not interfere
with vision. A projector can
hit those tiny optical
elements that guide images
to the retina. The retina is
still getting the overall
normal vision provided
 WRITTEN OUTPUT NO.1
Prepare a written research report on 2 current uses
or applications of Nanoscience or Nanotechnology.
Write a 3-4 paragraph reflections on each article.
Include your references or sources at the end of the
report. (50 pts.)