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Mars

The document outlines India's Mangalyaan mission, launched by ISRO on November 5, 2013, marking the country's first interplanetary mission to Mars. It discusses the challenges faced, mission design, key milestones, cost-effectiveness, and the mission's successful operation beyond its expected duration. Future missions, including Mars Mission 2 and Chandrayaan-3, are also mentioned as part of ISRO's ongoing exploration efforts.

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4 views

Mars

The document outlines India's Mangalyaan mission, launched by ISRO on November 5, 2013, marking the country's first interplanetary mission to Mars. It discusses the challenges faced, mission design, key milestones, cost-effectiveness, and the mission's successful operation beyond its expected duration. Future missions, including Mars Mission 2 and Chandrayaan-3, are also mentioned as part of ISRO's ongoing exploration efforts.

Uploaded by

shashanksureddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

JOURNEY TO

MARS

Advanced English Communication Skills Lab


Contents
• Introduction

• Challenges faced by ISRO

• Mission Design & Technology

• Key Milestones of Mangalyaan

• Cost-Effectiveness

• End of Mission

• Future Missions
INTRODUCTIO
N
• ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) launched
Mangalyaan on November 5, 2013, marking India’s first
interplanetary mission.
• The mission aimed to send India to Mars, and the name
"Mangalyaan"
• On November 23, 2008, ISRO Chairman G. Madhavan
Nair announced the uncrewed mission to Mars.
• On August 3, 2012, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
approved this project.
CHALLENGES
FACED BY ISRO
This mission created history as the fourth space agency to go into

Mars orbit, and as the first country to achieve this success in the

first attempt.But before launching the mission faced many

challenges like

• Rocket Limitations

• Time Sensitivity

• Communication Delay
Rocket
Limitations
PSLV GSLV
(Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle)

• The PSLV is primarily used to launch


• The GSLV is designed for launching heavier
satellites into low Earth orbit (LEO) and
payloads into geosynchronous orbits (GEO)
polar orbits. It is also versatile enough to
or geosynchronous transfer orbits (GTO),
handle missions to sun-synchronous orbits
primarily for communication satellites.
and interplanetary missions.
• GSLV is used for launching heavy
• PSLV successfully launched India’s first
communication satellites and navigation
interplanetary mission (Mangalyaan) to
satellites into GEO or GTO
Mars in 2013, and it has also launched
many international satellites.
Time
Sensitivity
• The launch window for Mars missions is a specific time
when Earth and Mars align, allowing spacecraft to travel
most efficiently. This alignment happens every 26 months
due to the different orbital speeds of Earth (365 days) and
Mars (687 days)..
• For ISRO's Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan), the launch
window in 2013 was critical. If they missed the window,
the next opportunity would have been in 2016, delaying
the mission by 3 years. MISSION
MANGALYAN
Communication
Delay
• Distance from Earth: As Mangalyaan traveled about 650 million kilometers from
OUTER
SPACE Earth to Mars, there was a significant communication delay.
• Signal Travel Time: The time it takes for a signal to travel from Mars to Earth (or
vice versa) depends on the relative distance between the two planets.
• Impact: This delay meant that:
• Commands from Earth took several minutes (sometimes more than 20 minutes)
to reach Mangalyaan.
• Real-time communication was impossible, and all operations had to be pre-
programmed and executed autonomously by the spacecraft.
Mission Design &
Technology

JOURNEY TO
1.Star Sensors & Gyroscopes:
• Star Sensors: These are used for navigation during the 300-day

MARS
journey to Mars. By capturing images of stars, the sensors
compare them to pre-programmed star maps,.
• Gyroscopes: These devices measure changes in the spacecraft's
movement.
2.Solar Panels & Batteries
• Solar Panels: The primary source of energy for Mangalyaan. They
harness sunlight to power the spacecraft during its long journey to
Mars.
• Lithium-Ion Batteries: These act as a backup power source,
providing energy when the spacecraft's solar panels are in shadow
Key Milestones of
Mangalyaan
Mars Orbit Insertion Key Discoveries

After a 300-day journey,


• Mars Dust Storms: Mangalyaan
Mangalyaan successfully entered
detected and provided data on
Mars' orbit on its first attempt,
frequent dust storms on Mars that
making India the first Asian
can reach several kilometers high.
country to reach Mars and the
• Atmospheric Data: It analyzed Mars'
first country to do so on its
thin atmosphere, helping scientists
maiden mission.
understand its composition and
weather patterns.
Cost-Effectiveness
• Total Cost: The entire Mangalyaan mission cost $74 million

(approximately ₹610 crore), making it one of the most cost-effective

interplanetary missions ever.

Comparison with Other Missions:

• For context, NASA's MAVEN mission, launched around the same time,

cost about $670 million (₹5500 crore).

• Mangalyaan was 10 times less expensive than MAVEN, yet it achieved

similar objectives, including entering Mars' orbit and sending valuable

data back to Earth.

• The mission’s low cost did not compromise its success, earning

international recognition for ISRO’s ability to achieve major milestones in

space exploration on a modest budget.


End of
Mission
• Originally planned for 6 months, Mangalyaan far exceeded expectations,

operating for an impressive 7.5 years in Mars' orbit.


• It provided invaluable data about Mars' surface, atmosphere, and dust

storms long after the mission's expected completion.


• The last communication with Mangalyaan occurred on October 2, 2020,

when the spacecraft's power and fuel were depleted.


• Despite efforts to restore contact, the mission officially ended after 7 years,

6 months, and 8 days.


Mars Mission
2
After the success of Mangalyaan
(Mars Orbiter Mission), ISRO
announced plans for a follow-up
mission, known as Mars Mission 2,
to continue exploring Mars and its

Future
environment.

Chandrayaan-3
Mission
s
Chandrayaan-3 is ISRO's third lunar
mission aimed at achieving a successful
soft landing on the Moon's surface.
Unlike its predecessors, Chandrayaan-3
does not have an orbiter, as the orbiter
from Chandrayaan-2 is still functional
and continues to send data.
THANK
YOU
Presented by-
S.Vaishnavi S.Shashank
23015A6606
23015A6604

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