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DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The document provides an overview of Database Management Systems (DBMS), including its types, functions, architecture, and benefits. It discusses data models, particularly the relational data model, and emphasizes the importance of normalization in database design to eliminate data redundancy. Key roles in DBMS management and terminology related to database design are also outlined.

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6 views

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The document provides an overview of Database Management Systems (DBMS), including its types, functions, architecture, and benefits. It discusses data models, particularly the relational data model, and emphasizes the importance of normalization in database design to eliminate data redundancy. Key roles in DBMS management and terminology related to database design are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Serena Abo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
• Database Management System (DBMS) is a software solution that
allows you to create and maintain databases in which data are
stored.
• .There are four types of data models: relational, hierarchical, network
and object-oriented that you can use to store data
• Different individuals, such as a database manager, perform separate
roles to manage the database.
• Data stored in the database can be accessed using different
languages such as FML and SQL
INTRODUCTION

Database design is a process in which you create a logical data


model for a database which stores data of a company
You use the normalization technique to create the logical data
model for a database and eliminate data redundancy
In this unit, you will learn about the concept of DBMS, its
functions, types and benefits. This unit will also deal with the
security issues of DBMS.
OVERVIEW OF DBMS

Description of few basic terms of DBMS terminology:


• Database
• Defining a database
• Constructing a database
• Manipulating a database
• Database system
Features of DBMS

DBMS is a software programme which may run on a user machine or a


server computer. The DBMS accepts queries from users and responds
to these queries. A DBMS has the following features:
• Structured data
• Query language
• Multi-user access
• Data dictionary
• Data abstraction:
Functions Performed in DBMS
In DBMS, several people play important roles in organizing and
manipulating the data. These roles are assigned to people according
to the work performed by them in creating and maintaining the
DBMS. The various roles performed in DBMS are as follows:
• Database administrator
• Database designers
• Database users
• Database manager
The architecture of DBMS
• The DBMS architecture is divided into three levels which are as follows:
• Internal: It specifies the way in which the data are physically stored in a
database. The internal or physical level of the database system
architecture also provides description of the relationship that exists
between different data.
• External: It specifies the way in which the data stored in a database are
viewed by the users.
• Conceptual: It specifies the level of interaction between the internal
level and external level of system architecture.
Benefits of DBMS

DBMS provides various advantages that make it useful for storing


and maintaining the data. Following are the advantages of DBMS:
• Preventing data redundancy
• Restricting unauthorized access
• Persistent storage
• Multiple user interfaces
• Integrity constraints
• Backup and recovery of data
DATA MODELS

• A data model in DBMS is defined as a collection of concepts


which is used to describe the structure of a database.
• Data model describes logical structure of a database by
considering following concepts:
• Structure: It represents how the data are organized in a database. The data can be
organized using hierarchical, network, relational or object-oriented data model.
• Integrity: It provides a definition of rules to indicate whether or not the defined
structure can be used to organize data in a database.
• Manipulation: It provides a language in which you can update the data in a database.
• Querying data: It provides a language in which the data in the database are queried.
DATA MODELS

The various data model used in DBMS are as follows:


• Hierarchical
• Network
• Relational
• Object-oriented
Relational Data Model
• In a relational data model, data is stored in tables which are also
called relations
• The related tables or relations in the relational data model form a
database. The properties of relational data model are as follows:
• Each row in a table is unique from every other row in the table.
• Each row contains atomic data which implies that data are not
repeated and do not contain structures such as arrays.
Relations

• A relation is a two-dimensional table which is used to


represent data in the form of rows and columns.
• The names of the columns are known as attributes
and rows are known as tuples of the relation.
• Domain: It is a set of atomic values.
DESIGNING OF DATABASE
• Database design is a process in which you create a logical data
model for a database which stores data of a company
• Database anomalies are the errors in the data contained in the
database that reduces the performance of Database Management
System (DBMS). The database anomalies also affect the
performance of the DBMS by increasing the size of data files.
• Insertion anomalies
• Deletions anomalies
• Modification anomalies
Normalization

• Normalization is integral to the database design, and it can


be defined as the process of eliminating the redundancy of
data in a database.
• A relational table in a database is said to be in a normal form
if it satisfies certain constraints
• The goals of normalization are as follows:
• Removing the redundant data
• Ensuring that only related data is stored in a table
Normalization terminology

Primary Key: The primary key of a relational table uniquely


identifies each row in a table. A primary key is either a column
or multiple columns from a table that uniquely identifies a
record
Functional Dependency: a constraint between two sets of
attributes from the database. Functional dependency is
represented by X -> Y between two attributes, X
and Y, in a table.

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