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Slides AVS Conference2

The document discusses the transformation of triangular WS2 to fractal WS2 through NaCl-assisted low-pressure chemical vapor deposition. It highlights the advantages of NaCl in controlling growth parameters and improving crystalline quality, as evidenced by various characterization techniques. The findings indicate that increased NaCl leads to larger growth regions and a reduction in residual WO3, impacting the optical properties of the material.

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Hinal Pokhrel
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3 views

Slides AVS Conference2

The document discusses the transformation of triangular WS2 to fractal WS2 through NaCl-assisted low-pressure chemical vapor deposition. It highlights the advantages of NaCl in controlling growth parameters and improving crystalline quality, as evidenced by various characterization techniques. The findings indicate that increased NaCl leads to larger growth regions and a reduction in residual WO3, impacting the optical properties of the material.

Uploaded by

Hinal Pokhrel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transformation from triangular to fractal WS2 via NaCl-

assisted low-pressure chemical vapor deposition

Himal Pokhrel
Department of Physics and Materials Science
The University of Memphis
[email protected]
Outline
Introduction
Synthesis

vaporization

Diffusion

adsorption

reaction(nucleation)

National Science Review 9, nwab164 (2022)


NaCl-assisted growth of TMDs

iScience 24, 103229 (2021)

Common method to grow large are TMD flakes,


commonly used for MoS2, WS2.

• Lower required growth temperatures


• Control of nucleation density
• Avoid volatile precursor gases
Cryst. Growth Des. 9, 4940–4946 (2021)
• Low cost
NaCl-assisted growth of TMDs (cont’d)
• Mechanism still being
explored

• Recent theoretical work


suggests more energetically
favorable pathways towards
sulfurization of oxyhalides

J. Am. Chem. Soc. 144, 16


(2022)
• More parameters to control, new gas species produced during growth as intermediates,
contaminants in final products.
Experimental methods
• T = 900 K
• Ramp rate: 10 K/min
• Ar carrier gas
• Process pressure 1 Torr
• Flow rate: 25 SCCM
• 500 mg S
• 50 mg WO3
• Variable NaCl, growth time

• Characterization: XPS, XRD,


SEM, optical microscopy, PL,
Raman
NaCl-assisted growth of TMDs (cont’d)

50 µm

• Increase in growth region

• Triangular to fractal growth

• Increase in size
Structure and extent vs. growth time (5 mg NaCl)
Structure and extent vs. NaCl precursor amount

1 mg NaCl

2.5 mg NaCl

5 mg NaCl
Raman
1 mg
2.5 mg
5 mg
Peak Peak
• E2g and A1g peaks at
height ratio
361 and 426 (wrong)
Intensity (Arb. unit)

237.72 0.905
• Broader E2g peak->
215.36
lattice disorder

139.06 1.284 • Creation of defect


sites
178.58

340 360 380 400 420 440


73.85 1.384

102.23 Raman shift (cm-1)


Photoluminescence

1 mg NaCl
2.5 mg NaCl
5 mg NaCl
PL Intensity (counts)

• Significant blue shift with


increased NaCl (650 nm @ 1 mg
to 642 nm for both 2.5 and 5 mg).

• Peak intensity scales with amount


of NaCl, as well as peak width.

550 600 650 700 750


Wavelength (nm)
XPS
• Only weak presence of WO3 signal detected
2.5 mg 4f7/2
1 mg
WS2 for largest NaCl amounts.
5 mg 4f5/2
• Significant WO3 signal at 1 mg.
Intensity (Arb. unit)
Intensity (Arb. unit)

• Consistent with redshift in PL and enhanced


FWHM known to be induced via sulfur
50 45 40 35 30 25
vacancies with disordered oxide regions
(Surfaces and Interfaces 33, 102220 (2022)).
Binding Energy (eV)

WO3
5p5/2
Sample Peak ratio
1 mg 2.04
50 45 40 35 30 25 2.5 mg 6.6
Binding Energy (eV) 5 mg 6.4
XRD

002 1 mg NaCl
5 mg NaCl
• Sharp peaks at 14.3, 28.9, 39.32 consistent
Intensity (Arb. unit)

with WS2

• FWHM decreases with larger NaCl


precursor → improved crystalline quality

• Consistent with PL results and XPS.


004 103

10 20 30 40
Two theta (degree)
Summary

• NaCl allows for more rapid and chaotic growth

• Beyond 1 mg NaCl, there is decrease in residual WO3 as shown in


XPS spectra

• Red shift in PL spectra of the WS2 for 1 mg NaCl also indicates the
presence of residual tungsten oxide in the sample with 1 mg NaCl
Acknowledgements

• Prof. Shawn David Pollard

• Joseph Anthony Duncan

• Dr. Thang B Hoang, Bryson Krause and Yagya Woli

• Dr. Felio Perez (Integrated Microscopy Center, University of Memphis)

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