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Unit 1
Disaster and Disaster Risk

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

LEARNING TARGETS

At the end of this unit, the learners should be able

to do the following:
● Explain the meaning of disaster.
● Differentiate the risk factors underlying disasters.
● Describe the effects of disaster on one’s life.
● Explain how and when an event becomes a disaster.
● Identify areas or locations exposed to hazards that may lead
to disaster.
● Analyze disaster from different perspectives (physical,
psychological, sociocultural, economic, political, and
biological).
 VALUES AND
ATTITUDES
In this unit, the learners should be able to do the
following:
● Develop mindfulness of their and others' vulnerabilities and
risk factors.
● Care for the environment.
● Improve their commitment to their community’s disaster
capacity.
● Increase shared responsibility in their community’s disaster
resilience.
Lesson 4
How and When an Event
Becomes
a Disaster

Unit 1| Disaster and Disaster Risk

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

5
APPLICATION

Disasters and Hazards

Table 1. Sample table on hazard assessment

Name of Areas Exposed Prevention or

Type of Hazard
Disaster to Hazards Mitigation
PROJECT NOAH
INTEGRATION

Know Your Hazards

Visit the NOAH website to check your area’s hazards.

You may also know the hazards in different locations
within the country.
How and When an Event Becomes a Disaster?

A hazard can be considered a disaster when there

are already negative impacts on human life and
their properties.
Proactive Approach

Proactive Approach to Emergency

Preparedness​
It refers to efforts that could avoid future
disasters, reduce current ones, and manage
residual risks, improving resilience and
contributing to sustainable development (Gray et
al. 2021).
Sample Case

the remains of a church in Clarin, Bohol after the 2013 Visayas

earthquake
Stoplight

STOP CONTINUE START

PHOTO CREDIT

Slide 10: Remains of Clarin church post-2013 earthquake 02 by John Martin PERRY is licensed under
CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons.

12
 REFERENCES
Bernard, Thomas J. “Arson.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., November 5, 2013.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/arson.

Bolt, Bruce A. “Earthquake.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., February 1, 2021.
https://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology.

Delias, Dina, and Patrick Daly. “The Challenges of Disaster Risk Reduction in Rapidly Expanding Urban
Environments: Baguio City, Philippines since the 1990 Luzon Earthquake.” Book Chapter. In Rebuilding Asia
Following Natural Disasters: Approaches to Reconstruction in the Asia-Pacific Region, edited by Patrick Daly
and R Michael Feener, 57–80. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2016.

“Drought.” World Health Organization. World Health Organization. Accessed July 20, 2022.
https://www.who.int/health-topics/drought#tab=tab_1.

Erdbrink, Thomas. “To Avoid River Flooding, Go with the Flow, the Dutch Say.” The New York Times. The New York
Times Company, September 7, 2021.
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/07/world/europe/dutch-rivers-flood-control.html.

ESSC. “Strengthening Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Capacity in Barangay Payatas, Quezon
City.” Institute of Environmental Science for Social Change. Institute of Environmental Science for Social
Change, March 28, 2017. https://essc.org.ph/content/archives/7045/.

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 REFERENCES
Financial Protection Forum. “What Is Disaster Risk Finance (DRF)?” Financial Protection Forum. The World
Bank, September 14, 2017.
https://www.financialprotectionforum.org/what-is-disaster-risk-finance-drf#:~:text=Disaster%20Risk%2
0Finance%20(DRF)%20is,financial%20resilience%20to%20natural%20disasters
.

Frankel, Joseph. “War.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., March 2, 2021.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/war.

Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR). “Philippines– 2009– Typhoons Ondoy and Pepeng
Affected 9.3 Million People.” GFDRR. The World Bank. Accessed July 21, 2022.
https://www.gfdrr.org/en/philippines-2009-typhoons-ondoy-and-pepeng-affected-93-million-people.

Jafari, Navid H, Timothy D Stark, and Scott Merry. “The July 10 2000 Payatas Landfill Slope Failure.”
International Journal of Geoengineering Case Histories 2, no. 3 (April 25, 2013): 208–28.
https://doi.org/10.4417/IJGCH-02-03-03.

Meng, Xingmin. “Landslide.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., February 3, 2022.
https://www.britannica.com/science/landslide.

National Geographic Society. “Mar 11, 2011 Ce: Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami.” National Geographic
Society. National Geographic Society, May 20, 2022.
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/tohoku-earthquake-and-tsunami. 14
 REFERENCES
National Geographic Society. “Pollution.” National Geographic Society. National Geographic Society. Accessed
July 21, 2022. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/pollution.

PHIVOLCS. “1990 July 16 Ms7.8 Luzon Earthquake.” Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
(PHIVOLCS). Department of Science and Technology, Republic of the Philippines, 1990.
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/earthquake/destructive-earthquake-of-the-philippines/2-un
categorised/212-1990-july-16-ms7-9-luzon-earthquake
.

Raby, Alison, Joshua Macabuag, Antonios Pomonis, Sean Wilkinson, and Tiziana Rossetto. “Implications of the
2011 Great East Japan Tsunami on Sea Defense Design.” International Journal of Disaster Risk
Reduction 14, no. 4 (December 2015): 332–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.08.009.

Rafferty, John P, and Kenneth Pletcher. “Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011.” Encyclopædia Britannica.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., April 21, 2022.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Japan-earthquake-and-tsunami-of-2011.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Cyclone.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.,
November 22, 2016. https://www.britannica.com/science/cyclone-meteorology.

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 REFERENCES
UNISDR. “2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction.” 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster
Risk Reduction | UNDRR. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2009.
https://www.undrr.org/publication/2009-unisdr-terminology-disaster-risk-reduction.

UP NOAH Center. “Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards.” NOAH. University of the Philippines
Resilience Institute. Accessed July 19, 2022. https://noah.up.edu.ph/know-your-hazards.

Westerman, Ashley. “Over 120,000 People Remain Displaced 3 Years after Philippines' Marawi Battle.” NPR.
National Public Radio, October 23, 2020.
https://www.npr.org/2020/10/23/925316298/over-120-000-people-remain-displaced-3-years-after-ph
ilippines-marawi-battle
.

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