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2. Language and Symbols Part 1

Chapter 2 discusses the language of mathematics, highlighting its characteristics such as precision, conciseness, and power. It distinguishes between mathematical expressions and sentences, explaining their roles in conveying mathematical thoughts. The chapter also covers conventions in mathematical language, including commonly used symbols and their meanings.

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Nicka Magante
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2 views

2. Language and Symbols Part 1

Chapter 2 discusses the language of mathematics, highlighting its characteristics such as precision, conciseness, and power. It distinguishes between mathematical expressions and sentences, explaining their roles in conveying mathematical thoughts. The chapter also covers conventions in mathematical language, including commonly used symbols and their meanings.

Uploaded by

Nicka Magante
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 2

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Mathematical
Language and
Symbols
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ARE YOU FAMILIAR WITH
REBUS PUZZLE?
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ARE YOU FAMILIAR WITH
REBUS PUZZLE?
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Guess the
words and
expressions
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Guess the
words and
expressions
“Potatoes”
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Guess the
words and
expressions
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Guess the
words and
expressions
“Foreign Language”
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Guess the
words and
expressions
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Guess the
words and
expressions
“Miss you/Missing you”
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Guess the
words and
expressions
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Guess the
words and
expressions
“Headquarters”
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Guess the
words and
expressions
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Guess the
words and
expressions
“Shorten”
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Guess the
words and
expressions
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Guess the
words and
expressions
“No one to call”
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words and
expressions
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Guess the
words and
expressions
“Fortunate”
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Guess the
words and
expressions
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Guess the
words and
expressions
“Apple pie”
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Guess the
words and
expressions
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Guess the
words and
expressions
“Everything’s all right”
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words and
expressions
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Guess the
words and
expressions
“Wake up”
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Did you know that


mathematics is a language
itself?
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LANGUAGE

Language is a system of communication


consisting of sounds, words, and grammar. It is a
system communication used by people living in a
particular country.

- Cambridge English Dictionary


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MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE

The language of mathematics, like any other


language, can be learned; once learned, it allows
us to see fascinating things and provides us an
advantage to comprehend and exploit the beauty
of beneath and beyond.
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CONTENTS

2.1 Characteristics of mathematical language

2.2 Expressions vs. Sentences

2.3 Conventions in the mathematical language


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CHARACTERISTICS OF
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE

The language of mathematics makes it easy to express


the kinds of thoughts that mathematicians like to express.

It is:
 precise (able to make very fine distinctions);

 concise (able to say things briefly);

 powerful (able to express complex thoughts with


relative ease).
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EXPRESSIONS VS. SENTENCES

In English, nouns are used to name things we want to


talk about (like people, places, and things); whereas
sentences are used to state complete thoughts.

A typical English sentence has at least one noun, and at


least one verb. For example, consider the sentence

Carol loves mathematics.

Here, ‘Carol’ and ‘mathematics’ are nouns; ‘loves’ is a


verb.
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EXPRESSIONS VS. SENTENCES

The mathematical analogue of a ‘noun’ is called an


EXPRESSION.
 An expression is a name given to a mathematical
object of interest.

The mathematical analogue of a ‘sentence’ is called a


SENTENCE.
 A mathematical sentence, just as an English sentence,
must state a complete thought.
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EXPRESSIONS VS. SENTENCES

Examples:

5, 2 + 3, ½

3+4=7

1+1=2

2–2=0

In the mathematical sentence ‘ 3 + 4 = 7 ’, the verb is ‘ = ’.

The symbol ‘+’ is a connective.


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EXPRESSIONS VS. SENTENCES

Examples:

5, 2 + 3, ½ EXPRESSION

3+4=7

1+1=2 SENTENCE

2–2=0

In the mathematical sentence ‘ 3 + 4 = 7 ’, the verb is ‘ = ’.

The symbol ‘+’ is a connective.


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EXPRESSIONS VS. SENTENCES

Sentences can be true or false.

The notion of truth (i.e., the property of being true or


false) is of fundamental importance in the mathematical
language.

Examples:

11 + 9 = 20

2 + 10 ≠ 12
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EXPRESSIONS VS. SENTENCES

Sentences can be true or false.

The notion of truth (i.e., the property of being true or


false) is of fundamental importance in the mathematical
language.

Examples:

11 + 9 = 20 TRUE

2 + 10 ≠ 12 FALSE
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CONVENTIONS IN MATHEMATICAL
LANGUAGE
Mathematical convention is fact, name, notation, or
usage which is generally agreed upon by
mathematicians.

Examples:

Capital letters are used to name a set and label vertices


of a polygon.

The fact that one evaluates multiplication before addition


in the expression. (PEMDAS rule)
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Conventions in mathematics, commonly
used symbols, its meaning and examples
a.) Sets and Logic
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Conventions in mathematics, commonly
used symbols, its meaning and examples
a.) Sets and Logic
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Conventions in mathematics, commonly
used symbols, its meaning and examples
a.) Sets and Logic

2
𝐴=𝜋 𝑟
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Conventions in mathematics, commonly
used symbols, its meaning and examples
a.) Sets and Logic
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Conventions in mathematics, commonly
used symbols, its meaning and examples
b.) Basic Operations and Relational Symbols
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Conventions in mathematics, commonly
used symbols, its meaning and examples
b.) Basic Operations and Relational Symbols
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Conventions in mathematics, commonly
used symbols, its meaning and examples
b.) Basic Operations and Relational Symbols
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Conventions in mathematics, commonly
used symbols, its meaning and examples
c.) Set of Numbers
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TEST YOURSELF
Let x be the number, translate each phrase or sentence
into a mathematical expression or equation.

1.) Eight minus a number

2.) Twelve more than a number

3.) Two ninths of a number is eleven.

4.) Three more than seven times a number is nine more


than five times a number.

5.) Twice a number less eight is equal to one more than


three times the number.
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TEST YOURSELF
Let x be the number, translate each phrase or sentence
into a mathematical expression or equation.

1.) Eight minus a number 8-x

2.) Twelve more than a number x + 12

3.) Two ninths of a number is eleven. x = 11

4.) Three more than seven times a number is nine more


than five times a number. 7x + 3 = 5x + 9

5.) Twice a number less eight is equal to one more than


three times the number. 2x – 8 = 3x + 1

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